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Phrynocephalus erythrurus ZUGMAYER, 1909

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesChinese: 红尾沙蜥 
SynonymPhrynocephalus erythrurus ZUGMAYER 1909: 504
Phrynocephalus erythrurus — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008
Phrynocephalus erythrurus — JI et al. 2009
Phrynocephalus erythrurus — JIN & BROWN 2013
Phrynocephalus erythrurus — SOLOVYEVA et al. 2018 
DistributionChina (NW Tibet: Keria mountains), elevation 4500–5300m (Zhao et al. 1999; Li et al. 2017)

Type locality: “Sagüs Kul”, NW Tibet (fide WERMUTH 1967).  
ReproductionViviparous. 
Types 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “Colore rubro-aurantiaco per totum corpus praevalente, cauda proportionaliter brevi, acute terminata, distaliter infra et supra colore minii eodem colore crura et digiti; squamis occipitalibus admodum parvis. Hab. in montibus tibetanis septemtrionalibus.” (Zugmayer 1909: 504) 
CommentSynonymy: Barabanov & Ananjeva 2007 listed Phrynocephalus erythrurus as a synonym of P. theobaldi. They cite Peters (1984: 47) who acted as first reviser between the names Phrynocephalus Vlangalii var. Lidskii Bedriaga, 1909 and Phrynocephalus erythrurus Zugmayer, 1909, and who chose to give priority to the name Phrynocephalus Vlangalii var. Lidskii. However, more recent authors continue to use the name, e.g. Solovyeva et al. 2018 found erythrurus to be the sister species of P. putjatai and P. vlangalii.

Habitat: this is one of the species adapated to extremely high altitudes. Jin et al. 2020 identified genetic changes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that may have increased tolerance to cold in this and related species. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek erythros = red, reddish, for the reddish body color. 
References
  • ANANJEVA, Natalia B.; Xianguang GUO and Yuezhao WANG 2011. Taxonomic Diversity of Agamid Lizards (Reptilia, Sauria, Acrodonta, Agamidae) from China: A Comparative Analysis. Asian Herpetological Research 2 (3): 117-128 - get paper here
  • BARABANOV, A.V. & N.B. ANANJEVA 2007. Catalogue of the available scientific species-group names for lizards of the genus Phrynocephalus Kaup, 1825 (Reptilia, Sauria, Agamidae). Zootaxa 1399: 1-56 - get paper here
  • Barabanov, Andrei, Natalia Ananjeva, Theodore J. Papenfuss and Wang Yuezhao 2002. A new name for Phrynocephalus theobaldi orientalis Wang, Papenfuss et Zeng, 1999. Russ. J. Herpetol. 9 (1):80 - get paper here
  • Barts, M. & Wilms, T. 2003. Die Agamen der Welt. Draco 4 (14): 4-23 - get paper here
  • Bedriaga, J.V. 1909. Amphibien und Reptilien. In: Wissenschaftliche Resultate der Reisen N.M. Przewalskijs durch Zentralasien. Zoologische Teil. Band 3. Part 1. Lacertilia. (in Russian). Sankt-Petersburg, Vol 3 (1) 3: 73-102, 367 - get paper here
  • Blyth, EDWARD 1863. Report of the curator, zoological department. J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, 32 (1): 73-90. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Guo, P., F. J. Zhang, and Y. Y. Chen. 1999. Catalogue of type specimens of reptiles in the Herpetological Collections of Chengdu Institute of Biology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Asiatic Herpetological Research 8: 43~47 - get paper here
  • Guo, X. & Wang, Y. 2007. Partitioned Bayesian analyses, dispersal–vicariance analysis, and the biogeography of Chinese toad-headed lizards (Agamidae: Phrynocephalus): A re-evaluation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution <br />45 (2): 643-662 - get paper here
  • GUO, Xianguang; Li LIU and Yuezhao WANG 2012. Phylogeography of the Phrynocephalus vlangalii Species Complex in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River Inferred from mtDNA ND4-tRNALEU Segments. Asian Herpetological Research 3 (1): - get paper here
  • Ji, Xiang; Yue-Zhao Wang & Zheng Wang 2009. New species of Phrynocephalus (Squamata, Agamidae) from Qinghai, Northwest China. Zootaxa 1988: 61-68 - get paper here
  • Jin, Y., Brandt, D. Y., Li, J., Wo, Y., Tong, H., & Shchur, V. 2020. Elevation as a selective force on mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes of the Phrynocephalus lizards in the Tibetan plateau. Current Zoology zoaa056 - get paper here
  • Jin, Yuanting; Yubin Wo, Haojie Tong, Sen Song, Lixun Zhang and Richard P. Brown 2018. Evolutionary analysis of mitochondrially encoded proteins of toad-headed lizards, Phrynocephalus, along an altitudinal gradient. BMC Genomics (2018) 19:185 - get paper here
  • Milto, Konstantin D.; Andrei V. Barabanov 2012. A Catalogue of the Agamid and Chamaeleonid Types in the Collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Russ. J. Herpetol. 19 (2): 155-170 - get paper here
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  • Pang, Junfeng; Yuezhao Wang, Yang Zhong, A. Rus Hoelzel, Theodore J. Papenfuss, Xiaomao Zeng, Natalia B. Ananjeva and Ya-ping Zhang 2003. A phylogeny of Chinese species in the genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27: 398-409 - get paper here
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  • Steindachner, F. 1867. In: Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858,1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair (Zoologie), Vol. 1, part 3 (Reptilien p.1-98). K. Gerold's Sohn/Kaiserlich-Königl. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien [1869 on title page] - get paper here
  • Tang X, Xin Y, Wang H, Li W, Zhang Y, et al. 2013. Metabolic Characteristics and Response to High Altitude in Phrynocephalus erythrurus (Lacertilia: Agamidae), a Lizard Dwell at Altitudes Higher Than Any Other Living Lizards in the World. PLoS One 8 (8): e71976. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071976 - get paper here
  • Venugopal, P.D. 2010. An updated and annotated list of Indian lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) based on a review of distribution records and checklists of Indian reptiles. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2 (3): 725-738. - get paper here
  • Waltner, R.C. 1975. Geographical and altitudinal distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the Himalayas. Cheetal (Dehra Dun, India) 16(1): 17-25; 16(2): 28-36; 16(3): 14-19; 16(4): 12-17.
  • Wang Yuezhao; Zeng Xiaomao; Fang Zili; Liu Zhijun; Wu Guanfu; Papenfuss T J; Macey R J 1996. A new species of the genus Phrynocephalus - Phrynocephalus zetanensis sp. nov. Zoological Research 17 (1): 27-29
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • Zeng, Xiaomao; Wang, Yaozhao; Liu, Zhijun;Yu, Pin 1994. A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE KARYOTYPE OF THREE SPECIES IN Phrynocephalus (Agamidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 1994 (2) - get paper here
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