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Phrynocephalus lutensis KAMALI & ANDERSON, 2015

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Lut Desert Toad Headed Agama 
SynonymPhrynocephalus lutensis KAMALI & ANDERSON 2015
Phrynocephalus lutensis — NASRABADI et al. 2017
Phrynocephalus lutensis — SOLOVYEVA et al. 2023 
DistributionIran (Kerman; probably Khorasan, Sistan, Baluchistan)

Type locality: Rig-e Yalan, Dasht-e Lut (Mega Dune, Lut Desert), Kerman Province, near the junction of Kerman, South Khorasan and Sistan & Baluchistan Provinces. 30° 27’ N, 59° 21’ E. 963m  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: ZISP 28014, Adult male (Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg). Collected by Mehrdad Ghazvinian 11 March 2014. Paratypes. Adult male, ZISP 28015; Adult female, ZISP 28016, Same data as holotype. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: No upraised swollen scales on dorsum; no cutaneous fold at angle of mouth; no fringe of scales on posterior border of thigh and sides of base of tail; side of head and neck without projecting fringe-like scales; prominent fold on lateral sides of body, separating dorsal and ventral scales; dorsal scales subequal, smooth in general appearance, with upturned mucros when viewed from the side under magnification, homogeneous, not keeled; no enlarged scales along flanks; nasals not in contact and separated by 1–3 small scales; tail 106–119 percent of snout-vent length; no spinose scales on neck or back of head; both sides of third and fourth toes and one side of second toe strongly fringed; suborbital scales small and equal in size and never elongate; nostril not visible in entirety when head viewed from side; supralabial scales separated from eye by 3–4 rows of scales; about 30 lamellae under fourth toe; width of space between nostrils less than one half of distance between nostril and preocular ridge; about 30 scales from eye to eye across head. Snout-vent length (mm) 65–75, tail 69–89 (tail = 106–119% body length). 
CommentAbundance: only known from its original description (Meiri et al. 2017).

Phylogenetics: Ebrahimipour et al. 2021 found populations of P. maculatus to be paraphyletic, especially including P. lutensis. Pakistani populations of lutensis nested within Pakistani populations of maculatus, hence lutensis was restricted to Iran. 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Ebrahimipour, F., Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Rastegar-Pouyani, E., Hosseinian Yousefkhani, S. S., & Kamali, K. 2021. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the Phrynocephalus maculatus-arabicus species complex (Sauria: Agamidae) in Iran. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 59, 1583–1588
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • KAMALI, KAMRAN & STEVEN C. ANDERSON 2015. A New Iranian Phrynocephalus (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the hottest place on earth and a key to the genus Phrynocephalus in southwestern Asia and Arabia. Zootaxa 3904 (2): 249–260 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
  • NASRABADI, REZA; NASRULLAH RASTEGAR-POUYANI, ESKANDAR RASTEGAR-POUYANI, AHMAD GHARZI 2017. A revised key to the lizards of Iran (Reptilia: Squamata: Lacertilia). Zootaxa 4227 (3): 431–443 - get paper here
  • Solovyeva, E. N., Dunayev, E. A., Nazarov, R. A., Bondarenko, D. A., & Poyarkov, N. A. 2023. COI-Barcoding and Species Delimitation Assessment of Toad-Headed Agamas of the Genus Phrynocephalus (Agamidae, Squamata) Reveal Unrecognized Diversity in Central Eurasia. Diversity 2023, 15, x - get paper here
 
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