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Phrynops williamsi RHODIN & MITTERMEIER, 1983

IUCN Red List - Phrynops williamsi - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaChelidae, Chelinae, Pleurodira, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: William’s Toadhead Turtle, William’s South-American Side-necked Turtle
Portuguese: Cágado-de-Barbela, Cágado-de-Ferradura, Cágado-de-Ferradura-Sulino 
SynonymPhrynops williamsi RHODIN & MITTERMEIER in RHODIN & MIYATA 1983
Phrynops williamsi — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 60
Phrynops williamsi — MCCORD et al. 2001
Phrynops williamsi — BOUR & ZAHER 2005
Phrynops williamsi — TTWG 2014
Phrynops williamsi — TTWG 2021
Phrynops williamsi — TTWG 2025 
DistributionSE Brazil (Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná), Uruguay, Argentina (Misiones), Paraguay (fide Paul Smith, pers. comm., 27 Apr 2014)

Type locality: Rio Cadea, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 64135 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2684 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentFor a color illustration and distribution map see MCCORD & JOSEPH-OUNI 2002.

Habitat: freshwater (rivers) 
EtymologyNamed after Dr. Ernest Edward Williams (1914-1998), a herpetologist, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Borteiro, Claudio; Kolenc, Francisco; Prigioni, Carlos 2015. A new noteworthy record of Phrynops williamsi Rhodin & Mittermeier (Testudines, Chelidae) in Uruguay. Cuad. herpetol. 29 (1): - get paper here
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Bour, R. & Zaher, H. 2005. A NEW SPECIES OF MESOCLEMMYS, FROM THE OPEN FORMATIONS OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL (CHELONII, CHELIDAE). Pap. Avul. Zool., Sao Paulo 45 (24): 295-311 - get paper here
  • Buskirk, James R. 1989. Field observations on Phrynops williamsi and other Uruguayan chelonians. Vivarium 1 (4): 8-11
  • Cabrera, Mario R. 1993. Phrynops williamsi (Williams' South American Sideneck Turtle). Argentina: Corrientes. Herpetological Review 24 (2): 65-66 - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Carreira, S.; Brazeiro, A.; Camargo, A.; da Rosa, I.; Canavero, A. & Maneyro, M. 2012. DIVERSITY OF REPTILES OF URUGUAY: KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION GAPS. Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2a época) 21 (1-2): 9-29 - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Kunz, Tobias Saraiva; Ivo Rohling Ghizoni-Jr., Jorge José Cherem, Raissa Fries Bressan, Simone Baratto Leonardi, Juliana Conte Zanotelli 2018. New records, threats and conservation of Phrynops williamsi (Testudines: Chelidae) in southern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 11: 147-152 - get paper here
  • McCord, W. P., Joseph-Ouni, M.i & W. W. Lamar 2001. A taxonomic reevaluation of Phrynops (Testudines: Chelidae) with the description of two new genera and a new species of Batrachemys. Revista de Biologia Tropical 49 (2): 715-764 - get paper here
  • McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2002. Chelonian illustrations #1: South American Toadhead Turtles. Reptilia (GB) (21): 34-38 - get paper here
  • Rhodin A G J; Mittermeier R A; Buskirk J R 1988. Phrynops williamsi Rhodin and Mittermeier. Williams' South American side-necked turtle. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 439: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Rhodin,A.G.J. & MITTERMAIER,R.A. 1983. Description of Phrynops williamsi, a new species of chelid turtle of the South American complex. In RHODIN & MIYATA (eds.): Advances in Herpetology and Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge, Mus. Comp. Zool. pp. 58-73 - get paper here
  • RIBAS, E. R. ; MONTEIRO FILHO, Emygdio Leite de Araujo 2002. Distribution and Habitat of the Freshwater Turtles (Testudines, Chelidae) from State of Paraná – Brasil. Biociências (Porto Alegre) 10 (2): 15-32
  • Souza, Franco L. 2004. Uma revisão sobre padrões de atividade, reprodução e alimentação de cágados brasileiros (Testudines, Chelidae) [A review on activity patterns, reproduction, and feeding habits in Brazilian chelid turtles (Testudines, Chelidae)]. Phyllomedusa 3 (1): 15-28 - get paper here
  • TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here
  • TTWG [TURTLE TAXONOMY WORKING GROUP: RHODIN, A.G.J., IVERSON, J.B., FRITZ, U., GALLEGO-GARCÍA, N., GEORGES, A., SHAFFER, H.B., AND VAN DuK, P.P.]. 2025. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (10th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 10:1-575 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
 
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