Phrynosoma hernandesi GIRARD, 1858

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Higher Taxa	Phrynosomatidae, Phrynosomatinae, Phrynosomatini; Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies	Phrynosoma ornatissimum brachycercum SMITH 1942 Phrynosoma hernandesi brevirostris GIRARD 1858 Phrynosoma hernandesi diminutum MONTANUCCI 2015 Phrynosoma hernandesi hernandesi GIRARD 1858 Phrynosoma ornatissimum ornatissimum GIRARD 1858 Phrynosoma hernandesi ornatum GIRARD 1858
Common Names	E: Mountain Short-horned Lizard; ornatum: Salt Lake Valley Short-horned Lizard G: Berg-Kurzhornkrötenechse; ornatum: Salt Lake Valley Kurzhornkrötenechse S: Camaleón Cuernitos de Hernandez E: San Luis Valley Short-horned Lizard [diminutum] E: Great Plains Short-horned Lizard [brevirostris] E: Baur’s Short-horned Lizard [bauri] E: Desert Short-horned Lizard [ornatissimum] G: Wüsten-Kurzhorn-Krötenechse [ornatissimum] E: Short-tail Short-horned Lizard [brachycercum] G: Kurzschwanz-Kurzhorn-Krötenechse [brachycercum]
Synonym	Phrynosoma (Tapaya) hernandesi GIRARD 1858: 395 Phrynosoma hernandezi — GIRARD 1858 Tapaya ornatissima GIRARD 1858: 396 Phrynosoma douglasii ornatum GIRARD 1858: 397 Phrynosoma douglassi — GENTRY 1885: 140 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — COPE 1900: 413 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — COPE 1900 Phrynosoma douglasii hernandesi — VAN DENBURGH 1922 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — VAN DENBURGH 1922: 377(part) Phrynosoma douglasii hernandesi — BURT 1935 Phrynosoma orbiculare hernandesi — KLAUBER 1939: 91 Phrynosoma orbiculare hernandesi — MARR 1944 Phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre — SMITH 1946: 302 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — SMITH 1946: 305 (part) Phrynosoma hernandesi — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 100 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — REEVE 1952: 927 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre — REEVE 1952: 913 (part) Phrynosoma douglassi hernandesi — VAN DEVENDER & LOWE 1977 Phrynosoma douglassi hernandesi — TANNER 1987 Phrynosoma douglasii hernandesi — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 114 Phrynosoma douglasii hernandesi — LINER 1994 Phrynosoma hernandesi — ZAMUDIO et al. 1997: 302 (part) Phrynosoma hernandesi — SMITH et al. 1999 Phrynosoma hernandesi — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Phrynosoma (Tapaja) hernandesi — CROTHER et al. 2012 Phrynosoma bauri MONTANUCCI 2015 Phrynosoma (Tapaja) hernandezi bauri — DE QUEIROZ in CROTHER et al. 2017 Phrynosoma hernandesi — KÖHLER 2021 Phrynosoma hernandesi bauri — LEACHÉ et al. 2021 Phrynosoma hernandesi — HEIMES 2022 Phrynosoma hernandesi brachycercum (SMITH 1942) Phrynosoma ornatissimum brachycercum SMITH 1942 Phrynosoma douglassii brachycercum SMITH 1942: 362 Phrynosoma douglassii brachycercum — REEVE 1952: 916 Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — REEVE 1952: 922 (part). Phrynosoma douglassii brachycercum — WEBB 1984 Phrynosoma douglassi brachycercum — TANNER 1987 Phrynosoma douglassi brachycercum — SMITH 1994: 114 Phrynosoma hernandesi brachycercum LEMOS-ESPINAL et al. 2004: 8. Phrynosoma ornatissimum brachycercum — MONTANUCCI 2015: 75 Phrynosoma hernandesi brevirostris GIRARD 1858 Phrynosoma (Tapaya) brevirostris GIRARD 1858: 397 Phrynosoma brevirostre — COPE 1867: 302 Phrynosoma douglassi — GENTRY 1885: 140 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — COPE 1900: 413 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — VAN DENBURGH 1922: 377 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre — SMITH 1946: 302 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — SMITH 1946: 305 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre — REEVE 1952: 913 Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — REEVE 1952: 922 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatum — REEVE 1952: 930 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre — MASLIN 1964 Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre — POWELL & RUSSELL 1985 Phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 113 Phrynosoma hernandezi — ZAMUDIO et al. 1997: 302 (part) Phrynosoma brevirostris — MONTANUCCI 2015 Phrynosoma brevirostris — POWELL & RUSSELL 2023 Phrynosoma hernandesi hernandesi GIRARD 1858 Phrynosoma (Tapaya) hernandesi GIRARD 1858: 395 Phrynosoma (Tapaya) ornatissima GIRARD 1858: 396 (part) Phrynosoma douglassi — GENTRY 1885: 140 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — COPE 1900: 413 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — COPE 1900: 415 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — VAN DENBURGH 1922: 377 (part)Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — VAN DENBURGH 1922: 382 Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — SMITH 1946: 304 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — SMITH 1946: 305 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — REEVE 1952: 922 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — REEVE 1952: 927 (part) Phrynosoma douglassi hernandesi — ETHERIDGE 1964 Phrynosoma hernandezi — ZAMUDIO et al. 1997: 302 Phrynosoma hernandesi hernandesi — MONTANUCCI 2015: 51 Phrynosoma hernandesi hernandesi — KÖHLER 2021 Phrynosoma hernandesi diminutum MONTANUCCI 2015 Phrynosoma diminutum MONTANUCCI 2015 Phrynosoma douglassi — GENTRY 1885: 140 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — COPE 1900: 413 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — VAN DENBURGH 1922: 377(part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — SMITH 1946: 305 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — REEVE 1952: 927 (part) Phrynosoma hernandezi — ZAMUDIO et al. 1997: 302 (part) Phrynosoma hernandesi diminutum — LEACHÉ et al. 2021 (see comment) Phrynosoma hernandesi ornatum GIRARD 1858 Phrynosoma ornatum GIRARD 1858: pl. 21 Phrynosoma douglassi — GENTRY 1885:140 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — COPE 1900:413 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — RICHARDSON 1915:423 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatum — STEJNEGER 1919:3. Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — VAN DENBURGH 1922:377 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatum — SMITH 1946:307. Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — SMITH 1946:305 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii douglassii — REEVE 1952:918 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — REEVE 1952:922 (part) Phrynosoma hernandezi — ZAMUDIO et al. 1997: 302 (part) Phrynosoma hernandesi ornatum — MONTANUCCI 2015: 61 Phrynosoma hernandesi ornatum — KÖHLER 2021 Phrynosoma hernandesi ornatissimum GIRARD 1858 Phrynosoma (Tapaya) hernandesi GIRARD 1858: 395 (part) Phrynosoma (Tapaya) ornatissima GIRARD 1858: 396 Phrynosoma ornatissima — COPE 1871: 305 Phrynosoma Douglassi subsp. ornatissima COPE 1878: 49 Phrynosoma douglassi — GENTRY 1885: 140 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — COPE 1900: 413 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — COPE 1900: 415 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum VAN DENBURGH 1922: 377 Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — VAN DENBURGH 1922: 382 (part) Phrynosoma douglassi ornatissimum — KNOWLTON & JANES 1934 Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — SMITH 1946: 304 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — SMITH 1946: 305 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — REEVE 1952: 927 Phrynosoma hernandezi — ZAMUDIO et al. 1997: 302 (part) Phrynosoma ornatissimum ornatissimum — MONTANUCCI 2015: 67 Phrynosoma hernandezi ornatissimum — DE QUEIROZ in CROTHER et al. 2017 Phrynosoma ornatissimum — HEIMES 2022
Distribution	Canada (SE Alberta, SW Saskatchewan) USA (New Mexico, W Texas, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, South Dakota, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon) Mexico (NE Sonora, Chihuahua) bauri: USA (Colorado, Nebraska, SE Wyoming, NE New Mexico); Type locality: 12.8 km north of Orchard, Morgan County, Colorado brachycercum: Mexico (Durango, Chihuahua, Zacatecas); Type locality: “Durango” (restricted to Durango City, Durango, Mexico by REEVE 1952) brevirostris: Canada (S Alberta, S Sasketchewan), USA (Wyoming, W North Dakota, W South Dakota, W Nebraska, Utah, Colorado); Type locality: Restricted to 9.6 km E of Agate, Sioux County, Nebraska by Montanucci 2015. Reeve (1952:913) emended the name of the type locality (Pole Creek) in accordance with its current geographic name, Lodgepole Creek, and restricted the type locality to near Dix, Kimball County, Nebraska. diminutum: USA (Colorado, probably N New Mexico); Type locality: Medano Road, just outside Medano Ranch, Alamosa County, Colorado. hernandesi: Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan), USA (New Mexico, W Texas, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, South Dakota), Mexico (NE Sonora, Chihuahua; Type locality: New Mexico and Sonora. Restricted to Santa Fe, New Mexico by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950. Resetricted to Fort Huachuca, Cochise County, Arizona by MONTANUCCI 2015. ornatissumum: USA (New Mexico, Texas); Type locality: restricted to the Rio Grande Valley at Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico ornatum: Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah; Type locality: valley of the Great Salt Lake, Utah
Reproduction	ovovivparous (Lambert & Wiens 2013).
Types	Lectotype: USNM 197; paralectotype: USNM 198 (Stejneger 1890:113 referred to USNM 107 and 198 as “Girard’s types” of P. hernandesi but the number 107 is a typographical error fide Reeve 1952:923, Montanucci 2015). Holotype: UCM 11356, adult male, collected from 12.8 km north of Orchard, Morgan County, Colorado, by V. Janzen on 10 May 1958 (Fig. 11). Paratopotypes. UCM 11358–59, both males, collected by V. Janzen on 10 May 1958. [bauri] Holotype: USNM 23993 [brachycercum] Type: USNM 208; Lectotype: USNM 4592c (designated by Montanucci 2015: 28) [brevirostris] Holotype: UCM 61895, adult female, collected from Medano Road, just outside The Nature Conservancy’s Medano Ranch, 2,308 m., Alamosa County, Colorado, by A. Schneider and A. Mitchell on 4 August 2006 (Fig. 14). Paratypes. LSUM 13834–37, 13839–40, MEL 1013, 1015, 1016, MVZ 27042, UCM 3894, 3898, 48465– 66, 51268, 61896, UMMZ 62242, 62244, 62247–52, 62255–58, 62261–64, USNM 8558, 44888, 44890. See Appendix I for locality data. [diminutum] Holotype: USNM 234, a female; UMMZ 3849 fide Banta 1970 but in error fide Montanucci 2010 who concluded that USNM 234 is the holotype [ornatum] Syntypes: (3) ANSP 8700-02. Lectotype: USNM 204 (designated by Montanucci 2015: 68);Girard (1858a) described this species on the basis of specimens in the USNM, but he did not designate a type specimen. Other syntypes: USNM 576284 [Tapaya ornatissima]
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: Phrynosoma h. hernandesi can be distinguished from other members of the P. douglasii species complex by the following combination of adult characters: (1) snout protruding, 49.4% ± 1.56 (42.5–57.3%) of orbit to rostral scale distance; (2) rostrofrontal profile rather flat, gradually sloping; (3) frontal rim usually elevated above the occipital shelf; (4) enlarged frontal rim scales 2.96 ± 0.15 (2–4) / 2.93 ± 0.13 (2–4); (5) temporal shelf long, 25.7% ± 0.96 (18.9–32.3%) in males, 26.1% ± 0.79 (17.2–36.2%) in females; (6) temporal shelf flat to weakly convex; (7) cephalic horns moderately long, third temporal horn length 18.2% ± 0.46 (10.3–24.1%); (8) cephalic horns directed horizontally or only slightly elevated; (9) tympanum elliptic, moderately broad to broad; (10) tympanum exposed; (11) tail moderately long, 247% ± 8.87 (187–301%) in males, 219% ± 4.84 (175–272%) in females; (12) dorsal spots wedge-shaped or forming transverse bands; (13) light-colored borders of dorsal spots confined to posterior edges; (14) dorsolateral white spots absent; (15) gular area with melanistic vermiculations and relatively few spots, with or without gray suffusion (melanin-dispersed phase); (16) abdomen with large melanistic spots or coalescing into dark suffusion (melanin-dispersed phase); (17) interrupted melanistic subcaudal bands present; bands may be complete distally (melanin-dispersed phase) [Montanucci 2015: 53]. Additional details (25482 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Subspecies: The subspecies brevirostre, hernandesi, and ornatissimum are artificial assemblages of populations (Zamudio et al. 1997). Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA yields different tree topologies for this species. Leaché et al. 2021 found that diminutum nests within hernandesi in a mitochondrial tree as well as a nuclear tree, but the latter had only one sample while in the mitochondrial tree diminutum formed a monophyletic clade, hence we consider it as a subspecies, rather than synonym of hernandesi. The former subspecies P. d. brevirostre, ornatissimum, and P. d. ornatum have been synonymized with P. hernandesi by Zamudio et al. 1997 but brevirostris and ornatissimum were revalidated by Montanucci 2015 but Leaché et al. 2021 merged bauri and brevirostris into hernandesi. Based on geography and morphological similarities (Montanucci, 2015), it is likely P. o. brachycercum will be verified as conspecific with P. ornatissimum (Leaché et al. 2021). Hybridization: Phrynosoma hernandesi hybridizes with P. ornatissimum in Arizona and with P. bauri in Colorado (Montanucci 2015). Habitat: montane Group: Belongs to the Tapaja clade fide LEACHE & MCGUIRE 2006. Distribution: see maps 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 18, 19 in Montanucci 2015: 154 ff and Leaché et al. 2021: 3 (fig. 1 and Supplementary Figure S5). See also locality lists in Montanucci 2015: 137 (hernandesi) and Montanucci 2015: 151 (ornatum). Not in Durango fide Lemos-Espinal (2018). See maps 1,2 in Montanucci 2015: 163 ff and Leaché et al. 2021. Synonymy: after Montanucci 2015. Köhler synonymized brevirostris with P. hernandesi, which was confirmed by Leaché et al. 2021. Köhler 2021 also included the following species as synonym of Phrynosoma hernandesi: Phryno- soma ornatissima, Phrynosoma brevirostris, Phrynosoma douglassii brachycercum, Phrynosoma bauri, and Phrynosoma diminutum. Köhler 2021 synonymized Phrynosoma ornatissimum and brachycercum with Phrynosoma hernandesi hernandesi. NCBI taxonID: 2816098 [ornatissima]
Etymology	Named after Francisco Hernandez (1514-1587), Spanish physician who travelled in Mexico to study Aztec herbal medicine and to collect biological specimens. The correct spelling of the specific epithet is with an “s” (see Smith et al. 1999). The subspecific epithet diminutum, Latin perfect participle of dēmĭnŭo, dēmĭnuěre, meaning “diminutive,” is in reference to the small adult size of this species. ornatum: The Latin word ornatus –a-um, (participle of the verb orno), meaning “adorned” or “decorated” or “embellished”. As no type description exists, one can only speculate as to Girard’s intended reference, but possibly to contrasting dark and light-colored markings on the dorsum. The specific epithet brevirostris comes from the Latin adjective brevis,-e, meaning “short”, and a modified version of the second declension Latin neuter noun rostrum, meaning “snout”, in reference to the short or abbreviated snout of this species. Apparently, Girard’s (1858a) intent was to create a compound noun in apposition to the subgeneric name Tapaya (see Smith & Reeve, 1951 for origin of the name), crafting his new name in third declension feminine gender since Tapaya is apparently feminine. Although Girard’s root word rostris does not exist in Latin, Cope (1866:302) modified Girard’s name to brevirostre as though it were an adjective needing to agree with the neuter gender of Phrynosoma. However, since nouns used in apposition to other nouns retain their own gender (only adjectives must agree in gender with the name of the genus), Cope’s alteration of the name was an unnecessary and incorrect subsequent spelling. Therefore, Montanucci 2015 retained Girard’s original spelling for the available name. See ICZN articles 31.2.1. and 34.2.1. The subspecific epithet bauri is a Latin patronym in the genitive singular, honoring the late Bertrand E. Baur, a longtime friend and avid student of Phrynosoma. Baur died in November of 2013 due to injuries sustained in a car accident the previous year. ornatissima: The Latin word ornatus –a – um, (participle of the verb orno), with the neuter superlative suffix,-issimum, meaning “the most highly adorned” or “...decorated” or “... embellished.” brachycercum: The Greek word roots βραχύς = brachys an adjective meaning “short” and κέρκος = kerkos or cercus, a feminine noun meaning “tail”, in reference to the very short tail in this race. Smith (1942) modified brachycercus (used as a trinomial) to brachycercum as though it were an adjective needing to agree with the neuter gender of Phrynosoma. Although nouns used in apposition to other nouns retain their own gender (only adjectives must agree in gender with the name of the genus) such that Smith’s modification of the name was unnecessary, his use of the word as an adjective must be followed. See ICZN articles 31.2.1 and 34.2.1.
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Press of Idaho, Moscow 332 pp. Platt, S.G. et al. 2006. A herpetofaunal survey of southwestern South Dakota with an emphasis on species of conservation concern. Journal of Kansas Herpetology (20): 10-19 - get paper here Powell, G. L. and A. P. Russell 2023. The horns of horned lizards (Phrynosomatidae: Phrynosoma): the long road to their conceptualization as unique lacertilian features with individual identity. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 17(10):86–107 - get paper here Powell, G.L., A.P. Russell, and P.J. Fargey. 1998. The distribution of the short-horned lizard Phrynosoma hernandezi in Saskatchewan, Canada. Northwestern Naturalist 79: 19 - 26 - get paper here Powell, G.L., A.P. Russell, H.A. Jamniczky, and B. Hallgrímsson. 2016. Shape variation in the dermatocranium of the Greater Short-Horned Lizard Phrynosoma hernandesi (Reptilia: Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Evolutionary Biology 44: 240-260 - get paper here Powell, G.L., and A.P. Russell. 1984. The diet of the eastern short‑horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre) in Alberta and its relationship to sexual size dimorphism. Can. J. Zool. 62:428 ‑ 440 Powell, G.L., and A.P. Russell. 1985. Growth and sexual size dimorphism in Alberta populations of the eastern short‑horned lizard, Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre. Can. J. Zool. 63: 139 ‑ 154 Powell, G.L., and A.P. Russell. 1985. Field thermal ecology of the eastern short‑horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglassi brevirostre) in southern Alberta. Can. J. Zool. 63: 228 ‑ 238 Powell, G.L., and A.P. Russell. 1991. Parturition and clutch characteristics of short-horned lizards (Phrynosoma douglassii brevirostre) from Alberta. Can. J. Zool. 69: 2759 - 2764 Powell, G.L., and A.P. Russell. 1998. The status of the short horned lizards (Phrynosoma douglasi and P. hernandezi) in Canada. Report to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 112: 1 - 16 - get paper here Rech, Inna 2023. Zwischen Bären und Fossilien – die Herpetofauna Westkanadas. Elaphe 2023 (2): 40-46 Reeder,T.W. & Montanucci,R.R. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of the horned lizards (Phrynomomatidae: Phrynosoma): evidence from mitochondrial DNA and morphology. Copeia 2001 (2): 309-323 - get paper here Reeve, Wayne L. 1952. Taxonomy and distribution of the horned lizard genus Phrynosoma. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 34 (14): 817-960 - get paper here Sherbrooke, Wade C. 2003. Introduction to Horned Lizards of North America. University of California Press, Berkeley, 178 pp. - get paper here Sherbrooke, Wade C. 2017. Antipredator Nest Guarding by Female Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma): Iguanian Parental Care. Herpetologica Dec 2017, Vol. 73, No. 4: 331-337. - get paper here Siebenrock, Friedrich 1892. Ueber Wirbelassimilation bei den Sauriern. Annalen des Königlichen Kaiserlichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseum in Wien 7: 373-378 - get paper here Smith, Hobart 1942. Mexican herpetological miscellany. Proc. US Natl. 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Houghton Mifflin, Boston Tanner, Vasco M. 1930. The amphibians and reptiles of Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah. Copeia 1930 (2): 41-43 - get paper here Tanner, Vasco M.;Hayward, C. Lynn 1934. A biological study of the La Sal Mountains, Utah report No. 1 (Ecology). Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters 11: 209-235 Tanner, W.W. 1987. Lizards and turtles of Western Chihuahua. Great Basin Naturalist. 47: 383-421 - get paper here Tanner, Wilmer W. 1954. Herpetological notes concerning some reptiles of Utah and Arizona. Herpetologica 10: 92-96 - get paper here Taylor-Young, M. 2011. The Guide to Colorado Reptiles and Amphibians. Fulcrum Publishing, Golden, Colorado, 169 pp. Turner, D. S., Van Devender, T. R., Hale, S. F., Zach, R., Martínez, R., Van Devender, R. W., ... & Paholski, C. 2022. Amphibians and reptiles of Rancho Las Playitas area, Sonora, Mexico. Sonoran Herpetologist, 35, 50-59 - get paper here Tye, S P; Harner, M J; Gomez, I R & Buckley, E M B; 2019. Phrynosoma hernandesi (Greater Short-horned Lizard) Scavenged by harvester ants. Herpetological Review 50 (1): 143-144 - get paper here Valdez-Lares, R.; R. Muñiz-Martínez; E.Gadsden; G. Aguirre-León; G. Castañeda-Gaytán; R. Gonzalez-Trápaga 2013. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, México. Check List 9 (4):714-724 - get paper here Van Denburgh, John 1922. The Reptiles of Western North America. Volume I. Lizards. Occ. Pap. Cal. Acad. Sci. (10): 1–612 - get paper here Van Denburgh, John and Joseph R. Slevin 1913. A list of the amphibians and reptiles of Arizona, with notes on the species in the collection of the Academy. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3 (13): 391-454 - get paper here Van Devender, Thomas R.; Lowe, Charles H. Lowe, Jr. 1977. Amphibians and reptiles of Yepomera, Chihuahua, Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 11 (1): 41-50 - get paper here Webb, R.G. 1984. Herpetogeography in the Mazatlán-Durango Region of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Vetrebrate Ecology and Systematics - A ribute to Henry S. Fitch; Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, pp. 217-241 Werning, H. 2014. Krötenechsen – eine (sehr gute) Laune der Natur. Reptilia (Münster) 19 (107): 16-23 Werning, H. 2015. Jurassic World im Wohnzimmer. Mini-Dinos für das Terrarium. Reptilia (Münster) 20 (114): 26-37 - get paper here Werning, Heiko 2012. Die Reptilien und Amphibien des Südwestens. Draco 13 (50): 18-60 - get paper here Werning, Heiko 2013. Best of Southwest. Mit der Familie auf Reptiliensuche. Ein kleiner Reiseführer durch den Südwesten der USA. Reptilia (Münster) 18 (101): 82-93 - get paper here Woodbury, Angus Munn 1928. The reptiles of Zion National Park. Copeia 1928 (166): 14-21 - get paper here Zamudio, Kelly R., Jones, K. Bruce & Ward, Ryk H. 1997. Molecular systematics of Short-horned lizards: Biogeography and taxonomy of a widespread species complex. Systematic Biology 46 (2): 284-305 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information https://www.utep.edu/leb/chklist/herps/herps.htm http://www.wildherps.com/species/P.hernandesi.html http://www.enature.com/fieldguide/showSpeciesSH.asp?curGroupID=7&shapeID… http://www.cnah.org/state_nameslist.asp?state_id=49 Google images

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