Phrynosoma hernandesi GIRARD, 1858

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Higher Taxa	Phrynosomatidae, Phrynosomatinae, Phrynosomatini; Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies	Phrynosoma hernandesi hernandesi GIRARD 1858 Phrynosoma hernandesi ornatum GIRARD 1858
Common Names	E: Mountain Short-horned Lizard; ornatum: Salt Lake Valley Short-horned Lizard G: Berg-Kurzhornkrötenechse; ornatum: Salt Lake Valley Kurzhornkrötenechse
Synonym	Phrynosoma (Tapaya) hernandesi GIRARD 1858: 395 Phrynosoma hernandezi — GIRARD 1858 Tapaya ornatissima GIRARD 1858: 396 Phrynosoma douglasii ornatum GIRARD 1858: 397 Phrynosoma douglasii hernandesi — VAN DENBURGH 1922 Phrynosoma douglasii hernandesi — BURT 1935 Phrynosoma orbiculare hernandesi — KLAUBER 1939: 91 Phrynosoma hernandesi — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 100 Phrynosoma douglassi hernandesi — VAN DEVENDER & LOWE 1977 Phrynosoma douglasii hernandesi — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 114 Phrynosoma douglasii hernandesi — LINER 1994 Phrynosoma hernandesi — ZAMUDIO et al. 1997 Phrynosoma hernandesi — SMITH et al. 1999 Phrynosoma hernandesi — COLLINS & TAGGART 2009 Phrynosoma (Tapaja) hernandesi — CROTHER et al. 2012 Phrynosoma hernandesi hernandesi GIRARD 1858 Phrynosoma (Tapaya) hernandesi GIRARD 1858: 395 Phrynosoma (Tapaya) ornatissima GIRARD 1858: 396 (part) Phrynosoma douglassi — GENTRY 1885: 140 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — COPE 1900: 413 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — COPE 1900: 415 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — VAN DENBURGH 1922: 377 (part)Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — VAN DENBURGH 1922: 382 Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — SMITH 1946: 304 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — SMITH 1946: 305 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — REEVE 1952: 922 Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — REEVE 1952: 927 (part) Phrynosoma hernandezi — ZAMUDIO et al. 1997: 302 Phrynosoma hernandesi hernandesi — MONTANUCCI 2015: 51 Phrynosoma hernandesi ornatum GIRARD 1858 Phrynosoma ornatum GIRARD 1858: pl. 21 Phrynosoma douglassi — GENTRY 1885:140 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — COPE 1900:413 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — RICHARDSON 1915:423 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatum — STEJNEGER 1919:3. Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — VAN DENBURGH 1922:377 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii ornatum — SMITH 1946:307. Phrynosoma douglassii ornatissimum — SMITH 1946:305 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii douglassii — REEVE 1952:918 (part) Phrynosoma douglassii hernandesi — REEVE 1952:922 (part) Phrynosoma hernandezi — ZAMUDIO et al. 1997: 302 (part) Phrynosoma hernandesi ornatum — MONTANUCCI 2015: 61
Distribution	Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) USA (New Mexico, W Texas, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, South Dakota, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon) Mexico (NE Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango) hernandesi: Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan), USA (New Mexico, W Texas, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, South Dakota), Mexico (NE Sonora, Chihuahua; Type locality: New Mexico and Sonora. Restricted to Santa Fe, New Mexico by SMITH & TAYLOR 1950. Resetricted to Fort Huachuca, Cochise County, Arizona by MONTANUCCI 2015. ornatum: Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah; Type locality: valley of the Great Salt Lake, Utah
Reproduction	viviparous
Types	Lectoype: USNM 197; paralectotype: USNM 198 (Stejneger 1890:113 referred to USNM 107 and 198 as “Girard’s types” of P. hernandesi but the number 107 is a typographical error fide Reeve 1952:923, Montanucci 2015). Holotype: USNM 234, a female; UMMZ 3849 fide Banta 1970 but in error fide Montanucci 2010 who concluded that USNM 234 is the holotype [ornatum] Syntypes: (3) ANSP 8700-02 [Tapaya ornatissima]
Comment	The subspecies brevirostre, hernandesi, and ornatissimum are artificial assemblages of populations (Zamudio et al. 1997). Hybridization: Phrynosoma hernandesi hybridizes with P. ornatissimum in Arizona and with P. bauri in Colorado (Montanucci 2015). Habitat: montane Group: Belongs to the Tapaja clade fide LEACHE & MCGUIRE 2006. Distribution: see maps 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 18, 19 in Montanucci 2015. See also locality lists in Montanucci 2015: 137 (hernandesi) and Montanucci 2015: 151 (ornatum).
Etymology	Named after Francisco Hernandez (1514-1587), Spanish physician who travelled in Mexico to study Aztec herbal medicine and to collect biological specimens. The correct spelling of the specific epithet is with an “s” (see Smith et al. 1999). ornatum: The Latin word ornatus –a - um, (participle of the verb orno), meaning “adorned” or “decorated” or “embellished”. As no type description exists, one can only speculate as to Girard’s intended reference, but possibly to contrasting dark and light-colored markings on the dorsum.
References	Adams, A. A. Y., R. D. Adams, S. K. Skagen and D. J. Martin 2016. Phrynosoma hernandesi (Greater Short-horned Lizard) commensalism. Herpetological Review 47(3): 467. Bartlett, R. D. & Bartlett, P. 1999. A Field Guide to Texas Reptiles and Amphibians. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, Texas, 331 pp. Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here Bezy, Robert L. and Charles J. Cole 2014. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Madrean Archipelago of Arizona and New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (3810): 1-24 - get paper here Burt, Charles E. 1933. Some lizards from the Great Basin of the West and adjacent areas, with comments on the status of various forms. American Midland Naturalist 14: 228-250 - get paper here Burt, Charles E. 1935. Further records of the ecology and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the middle west. American Midland Naturalist 16 (3): 311-336 - get paper here Cairns, K.A., Babineau, J. & Cairns, N.A. 2017. Phrynosoma hernandesi (Greater Short-horned Lizard). Herpetological Review 48 (4): 853 Collins, J.T. and <br />T. W. Taggart 2009. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Sixth Edition. Center for North American Herpetology, 48 pp. Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p. Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92 Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp. FLESCH, AARON D.; DON E. SWANN, DALE S. TURNER, AND BRIAN F. POWELL 2010. HERPETOFAUNA OF THE RINCON MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA. Southwestern Naturalist 55(2):240–253 - get paper here Girard, Charles F. 1858. United States Exploring Expedition during the Years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Vol. 20. Herpetology. C. Sherman & Son, Philadelphia, xv, 492 pages [see note in Zhao and Adler 1993: 369] - get paper here Gravenhorst, J. L. C. 1833. Über Phrynosoma orbicularis, Trapelus hispidus, Phrynocephalus helioscopus, Corythophanes cristatus und Chamaeleopsis hernandesii. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. (?) 16 (2): 909-958 Hubbard, Kaylan A; Anna D Chalfoun, and Kenneth G Gerow 2016. The Relative Influence of Road Characteristics and Habitat on Adjacent Lizard Populations in Arid Shrublands Journal of Herpetology 50 (1): 29-36. - get paper here Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here Klauber, L. M. 1939. Studies of reptile life in the arid southwest I. Night collecting on the desert with ecological statistics II. Speculations on prtective coloration and pretective reflectivity III. Notes on some lizards of the southwestern United States. Bulletins of the Zoological Society of San Diego 14: 1-100 Lara-Reséndiz Rafael A., Arenas-Moreno Diego M., Beltrán-Sánchez Elizabeth, Gramajo Weendii, Verdugo-Molina Javier, Sherbrooke Wade C. et al. 2015. Selected body temperature of nine species of Mexican horned lizards (Phrynosoma) Rev. Mex. Biodiv. 86 (1): 275-278. - get paper here Leaché, Adam D. and Jimmy A. McGuire 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of horned lizards (Phrynosoma ) based on nuclear and mitochondrial data: Evidence for a misleading mitochondrial gene tree. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39 (3): 628-644 - get paper here Lemos-Espinal, J.A. & Smith, H.M. 2007. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 613 pp. Meyers, J.J.; Herrel, A. & Nishikawa, K. 2006. Morphological correlates of ant eating in horned lizards (Phrynosoma). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89: 13–24 - get paper here Moll, E.O. 2004. Phrynosoma hernandesi (Girard, 1858) Greater Short-horned Lizard. Patronyms of the Pioneer West. Sonoran Herpetologist 17 (6):58-61. - get paper here MONTANUCCI, RICHARD R. 2015. A taxonomic revision of the Phrynosoma douglasii species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) Zootaxa 4015 (1): 001–177 Murray, Ian W. and Hilary M. Lease. 2013. Phrynosoma hernandesi (greater short-horned lizard) predation. Herpetological Review 44 (2): 327 Platt, S.G. et al. 2006. A herpetofaunal survey of southwestern South Dakota with an emphasis on species of conservation concern. Journal of Kansas Herpetology 20: 10-19 - get paper here Reeder,T.W. & Montanucci,R.R. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of the horned lizards (Phrynomomatidae: Phrynosoma): evidence from mitochondrial DNA and morphology. Copeia 2001 (2): 309-323 - get paper here Sherbrooke, Wade C. 2003. Introduction to Horned Lizards of North America. University of California Press, Berkeley, 178 pp. Sherbrooke, Wade C. 2017. Antipredator Nest Guarding by Female Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma): Iguanian Parental Care Herpetologica Dec 2017, Vol. 73, No. 4: 331-337. - get paper here Smith, Hobart M., Kraig Adler, David Chiszar And Frank Van Breukelen. 1999. Phrynosoma hernandesi: Correct spelling. Herpetological Review 30 (2): 74-76. - get paper here Smith, Hobart M.;Thompson, Dorian 1993. Four reptiles newly recorded from Ouray County, Colorado. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 28 (4): 78-79 - get paper here Tanner, Wilmer W. 1954. Herpetological notes concerning some reptiles of Utah and Arizona. Herpetologica 10: 92-96 - get paper here Valdez-Lares, R.; R. Muñiz-Martínez; E.Gadsden; G. Aguirre-León; G. Castañeda-Gaytán; R. Gonzalez-Trápaga 2013. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, México. Check List 9 (4):714-724 - get paper here Van Denburgh, John 1922. The Reptiles of Western North America. Volume I. Lizards and Volume II. Snakes and Turtles. Occ. Pap. Cal. Acad. Sci. (10): 1–612; 613-1028 - get paper here Van Devender, Thomas R.;Lowe, Charles H. Lowe, Jr. 1977. Amphibians and reptiles of Yepomera, Chihuahua, Mexico. Journal of Herpetology 11 (1): 41-50 - get paper here Werning, H. 2014. Krötenechsen – eine (sehr gute) Laune der Natur. Reptilia (Münster) 19 (107): 16-23 Werning, H. 2015. Jurassic World im Wohnzimmer. Mini-Dinos für das Terrarium Reptilia (Münster) 20 (114): 26-37 - get paper here Werning, Heiko 2012. Die Reptilien und Amphibien des Südwestens. Draco 13 (50): 18-60 - get paper here Werning, Heiko 2013. Best of Southwest. Mit der Familie auf Reptiliensuche. Ein kleiner Reiseführer durch den Südwesten der USA. Reptilia (Münster) 18 (101): 82-93 - get paper here Zamudio, Kelly R., Jones, K. Bruce & Ward, Ryk H. 1997. Molecular systematics of Short-horned lizards: Biogeography and taxonomy of a widespread species complex. Systematic Biology 46 (2): 284-305 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List - Phrynosoma hernandesi - Least Concern, LC National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.wildherps.com/species/P.hernandesi.html http://www.enature.com/fieldguide/showSpeciesSH.asp?curGroupID=7&shapeID=1059&curPageNum=23&recnum=AR0071 http://www.cnah.org/state_nameslist.asp?state_id=49 Google images

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