Pituophis vertebralis (BLAINVILLE, 1835)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Lampropeltini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Cape Gopher Snake S: Cincuate de San Lucas
Synonym	Coluber vertebralis BLAINVILLE 1835: 293 Rhinechis vertebralis — DUMÉRIL 1853: 453 Pituophis vertebralis — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 258 Pityophis haematois COPE 1860 Pituophis catenifer vertebralis — GARMAN 1884: 27 Coluber catenifer var. vertebralis — MOCQUARD 1899: 320 Pityophis vertebralis — COPE 1900: 879 Pituophis vertebralis — STULL 1940 Pituophis catenifer vertebralis — KLAUBER 1946: 22 Pituophis catenifer bimaris KLAUBER 1946: 7 Pituophis melanoleucus bimaris — MURPHY & OTTLEY 1984 Pituophis melanoleucus bimaris — STEBBINS 1985: 190 Pituophis vertebralis — GRISMER 1994 Pituophis vertebralis — GRISMER 1997 Pituophis vertebralis bimaris — LOVICH et al. 2008: 28 Pituophis vertebralis — PYRON & BURBRINK 2009 Pituophis catenifer bimaris — HIRSCHKORN & SKUBOWIUS 2011: 99 Pituophis catenifer vertebralis — HIRSCHKORN & SKUBOWIUS 2011 Pituophis vertebralis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 562
Distribution	Mexico (Baja California) Type locality: “California” bimaris: Baja California; Type locality: “Santa Gertrudis, near El Arco (Lat. 28°N), Baja California, Mexico”
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: MNHN-RA 0063, a 530 mm specimen (P.E. Botta, 1827-1829) Syntype: USNM 4682 [Pityophis haematois]
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2881 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Synonymy: Not listed as valid species by CNAH (2011). Distribution: see map in HIRSCHKORN & SKUBOWIUS 2011: 131.
Etymology	From the Latin vertebrālis meaning vertebral In reference to its vertebral rows of scales strongly keeled.
References	Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de 1835. Description de quelques espèces de reptiles de la Californie précédée de l’analyse d’un système général d’erpétologie et d’amphibiologie. Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 4: 233-296 - get paper here Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here Duméril, A.M.C., and G. Bibron. 1835. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles, Vol. 2. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, iv + 680 p. - get paper here Duméril, A.M.C., G. BIBRON & A.H.A. DUMÉRIL 1854. Erpétologie générale ou Histoire Naturelle complète des Reptiles. Vol. 7 (partie 1). Paris, xvi + 780 S. - get paper here Duméril, ANDRÉ MARIE CONSTANT 1853. Prodrome de la classifcation des reptiles ophidiens. Mém. Acad. Sci., Paris, 23: 399-536 - get paper here Grismer, L. Lee 1997. The distribution of Pituophis melanoleucus and P. vertebralis in northern Baja California, Mexico. Herpetological Review 28 (2): 68-70 - get paper here Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Hirschkorn, D. & Skubowius, B. 2011. Bullennattern, Gophernattern, Kiefernnattern - Die Gattung Pituophis. Natur und Tier-Verlag (NTV), Münster, 176 pp. [review in Reptilia 16 (91): 85] - get paper here Klauber, Laurence M. 1946. A new gopher snake (Pituophis) from Santa Cruz Island, California. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 11 (2): 41-48 - get paper here Klauber, Laurence M. 1946. The gopher snakes of Baja California, with descriptions of new subspecies of Pituophis catenifer. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 11 (1): 1-40 + 2 plates - get paper here Lovich, K.; Mahrdt, C.R. & Beaman, K.R 2008. A Curator and His Rattlesnakes: The History of Laurence Monroe Klauber at the San Diego Zoo. In: Hayes et al. (eds), The biology of rattlesnakes. Loma Linda University Press, pp. 25-38 Mocquard, M.F. 1899. Contribution a la faune herpétologique de la Basse-Californie. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Natur.Paris, 4th Series, Vol. 1: 297-343 + plates XI-XIII - get paper here Murphy, R. W.; Ottley, J. R. 1984. Distribution of amphibians and reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 53 (8): 207-230 - get paper here Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142 Pyron, R.Alexander; Frank T. Burbrink 2009. Neogene diversification and taxonomic stability in the snake tribe Lampropeltini (Serpentes: Colubridae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 52 (2): 524-529 - get paper here Stull, Olive Griffith 1940. Variations and relationships in the snakes of the genus Pituophis. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (175): 1-225 - get paper here Van Denburgh,J. 1895. A review of the herpetology of Lower California. Part I - Reptiles. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2) 5: 77-163 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://slitherbriggs.webs.com/pvvertebralis.htm https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/422974063260531/ Google images

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