Plestiodon longirostris COPE, 1861

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Higher Taxa	Scincidae, Scincinae, Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Longnose Skink, Bermuda Skink, Bermuda Rock Lizard
Synonym	Plestiodon longirostris COPE 1861: 313 Eumeces longirostris — TAYLOR 1936: 155 Eumeces longirostris — GRIFFITH, NGO & MURPHY 2000 Plestiodon longirostris — SCHMITZ et al. 2004
Distribution	Bermuda Islands Type locality: Bermuda Island
Reproduction	oviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022)
Types	Lectotype: USNM 4737 (largest of the 6 specimens under this number - SVL 71mm), Bermuda, collected J. H. Darrell, January, 1861. Designated by Taylor (1936). Original syntypes: INHS (= UIMNH) 40740 (USNM 4737), ANSP 9352-53.
Diagnosis	Diagnosis. Eumeces longirostris is a medium-sized species of the genus, reaching a body length of 80 mm., characterized by a dorsolateral line beginning above the first superciliary and continuing to base of tail; a lateral line beginning on the anterior labials and continuing to tail, sometimes broken on side of neck; evidence of a sublateral line in young. Scales small, in 32-36 rows around body, the dorsal and lateral scales smaller than ventrals, the laterals smallest, and arranged in distinct diagonal rows on the sides of body; a postnasal present; the postmental undivided; limbs long, strongly overlapping (18 millimeters in adults) when adpressed; four supraoculars, three touching the frontal; a large pair of nuchals, sometimes followed by a second very narrow pair; seven or eight upper labials, four or five preceding the subocular. The typical lines are lost in old specimens. (Taylor 1936: 155)
Comment
References	Babcock, H. 1934. The Capture of the Bermudian Lizard, Eumeces longirostris Cope. Copeia, 1934(4), 182-182 - get paper here BRANDLEY, MATTHEW C.; OTA, HIDETOSHI; HIKIDA, TSUTOMU; NIETO MONTES DE OCA, ADRIAN; FERIA-ORTIZ, MANUEL; GUO, XIANGUANG; WANG, YUEZHAO 2012. The phylogenetic systematics of blue-tailed skinks (Plestiodon) and the family Scincidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 165 (1): 163-189 - get paper here Cope, E.D. 1861. On the Reptilia of Sombrero and Bermuda. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 312-314. - get paper here COUGHLAN, J.P.; L. KITSON, E. DILLANE, J. DAVENPORT and T. F. CROSS 2004. Characterization of six microsatellite loci in the Bermuda skink (Eumeces longirostris). Molecular Ecology Notes 4: 678–679 - get paper here Dunn, E. R.; Conant, Roger 1937. The herpetological fauna of Bermuda [Anolis iodurus]. Herpetologica 1: 78-80 - get paper here Griffith, H., A. Ngo & R. W. Murphy 2000. A cladistic evaluation of the cosmopolitan genus Eumeces Wiegmann (Reptilia, Squamata, Scincidae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 7 (1): 1-16 - get paper here Hikida, T. & Motokawa, J. 1999. Phylogeographical relationships of the skinks of the genus Eumeces (Reptilia; Scincidae) in East Asia. in: Ota, H. (ed.) Tropical Island Herpetofauna, pp. 231-247 - get paper here Kingman, R. H. 1932. A comparative study of the skull in the genus Eumeces of the family Scincidae. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 20 (15): 273-295 - get paper here Richmond, J.Q. 2006. Evolutionary basis of parallelism in North American scincid lizards. EVOLUTI ON & DEVELOPMENT 8 (6): 477–490 - get paper here ROCA, VICENTE & GERARDO GARCÍA 2021. Examination of the Helminth Fauna of the Bermuda Skink, Plestiodon longirostris (Scincidae), Utilizing Faecal Analysis. Caribbean Journal of Science 51(1): 104-108. - get paper here Schmitz, Andreas; Patrick Mausfeld and Dirk Embert 2004. Molecular studies on the genus Eumeces Wiegmann, 1834: phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic implications. Hamadryad 28 (1-2): 73 – 89 - get paper here Stroud, J.T., Giery, S.T. & Outerbridge, M.E. 2017. Establishment of Anolis sagrei on Bermuda represents a novel ecological threat to Critically Endangered Bermuda skinks (Plestiodon longirostris). Biol Invasions. doi:10.1007/s10530-017-1389-1 - get paper here Taylor, E. H. 1936. A taxonomic study of the cosmopolitan lizards of the genus Eumeces with an account of the distribution and relationship of its species. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 23 (14): 1-643 [1935] - get paper here Turner, H. 2017. Geographic Distribution: Plestiodon longirostris (Bermuda Skink). Herpetological Review 48 (4): 812 - get paper here TURNER, H. 2018. Population Status and Conservation of the Critically Endangered Bermuda Skink. PhD thesis, University of Kent - get paper here Turner, H., Griffiths, R., Outerbridge, M., & Garcia, G. 2021. Estimating population parameters for the Critically Endangered Bermuda skink using robust design capture–mark–recapture modelling. Oryx, 55 (1): 81-88 - get paper here Turner, Heléna, Griffiths, Richard A., Garcia, Gerardo and Outerbridge, Mark E. 2017. Plestiodon longirostris (Bermuda Skink) Tail bifurcation. Herpetological Review 48 (1): 198-199 - get paper here ZDUNEK, PRZEMYSŁAW & KRZYSZTOF KOLENDA. 2022. The threat of discarded food and drinks containers to monitor lizards. The Herpetological Bulletin 161: 28–30. - get paper here Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.bermudatourism.com/nat_rep.html http://www.oropel.de/gap.htm http://www.arkive.org/species/speciesOverview.do?id=4778 http://www.alive-rep.jp/pic/gallary/lizards/saboten/Untitled-2.htm Google images

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