You are here » home › advanced search › Podocnemis unifilis

Podocnemis unifilis TROSCHEL, 1848

IUCN Red List - Podocnemis unifilis - Vulnerable, VU
iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Podocnemis unifilis?

Add your own observation of
Podocnemis unifilis »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaPodocnemididae, Pelomedusoidea, Pleurodira, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle
Portuguese: Tracajá, Zé-Prego 
SynonymEmys cayennensis SCHWEIGGER 1812: 298 (nomen suppressum ?)
Podocnemis unifilis TROSCHEL in SCHOMBURGK 1848: 647
Testudo Terekay HUMBOLDT 1819: 243 (nomen oblitum fide VOGT et al. 2013)
Chelys (Hydraspis) Lata BELL in GRAY 1830: 17 (nom. obli. fide VOGT et al. 2013)
Emys Terekay — SCHINZ 1833 (fide PRITCHARD & TREBBAU 1984)
Podocnemis tracaya — COUTINHO 1868:149
Podocnemis unifilis — SIEBENROCK 1902: 106
Podocnemis cayennensis — SIEBENROCK 1902: 106
Podocnemis unifilis — FRAIR et al. 1978
Podocnemis unifilis — KAHL et al. 1980: 117
Podocnemis unifilis — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 29
Podocnemis cayennensis — DAVID 1994
Podocnemis unifilis — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Podocnemis cayennensis — BONIN et al 2006
Podocnemis cayennensis — BOUR 2006
Podocnemis unifilis — TTWG 2017
Podocnemis unifilis — TTWG 2021 
DistributionCaribbean drainages of Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia, Trinidad ?, Tobago ?, upper tributaries of the Amazon River in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, N Bolivia (Beni), S Venezuela, and Brazil (Amazonas, Pará)

USA (introduced to Florida)

Type locality: "Rupununi und Takutu" rivers, Guyana.

cayennensis: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, N Bolivia (after BONIN et al. 2006).  
Reproductionoviparous. Exhibits temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) fide Cornejo-Páramo et al. 2020 (and references therein). 
TypesHolotype: lost, formerly ZMB 142 (lost fide KING & BURKE 1989).
Lectotype: MNHN-RA 8359, designated by Bour 2006 [cayennensis] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2735 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentNomenclature: Vogt et al. (2013) proposed in ICZN Case 3587 to conserve the name Podocnemis unifilis TROSCHEL 1848. Mittermeier and Wilson (1974) and Wermuth and Mertens (1977:121) believed that Emys cayennensis Schweigger 1812 may be an older name applicable to this species. Acting on Frétey's (1977) information about the type specimens of Emys dumeriliana and E. cayennensis, Hoogmoed and Gruber (1983:346) concluded that dumeriliana was an older available name for unifilis, and that cayennensis was a junior synonym of P. expansa. Pritchard and Trebbau's (1984) review showed the holotype of E. cayennensis, MHNH 8359, is a P. unifilis and that action by the ICZN may be necessary to suppress the variously applied cayennensis in favor of the more stable unifilis (after KING & BURKE 1989). TTWG 2017 declared Emys cayennensis a “provisional nomen suppressum”).

Habitat: freshwater (Rivers and tributaries)

Distribution: possibly introduced to Jeju Island (Korea) 
EtymologyNamed after Latin unifilis, with one thread, string, filament. (Troschel 1848, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Abdala, V.; Manzano, A.S. & Herrel, A. 2008. The distal forelimb musculature in aquatic and terrestrial turtles: phylogeny or environmental constraints? J. Anat. 213: 159–172 - get paper here
  • Avila-Pires, Teresa C.S.; Kleiton R. Alves-Silva, Laís Barbosa, Fabrício S. Correa, Jorge F. A. Cosenza, Ana Paula V. Costa-Rodrigues, Aurea A. Cronemberger, Marinus S. Hoogmoed, Geraldo R. Lima-Filho, Adriano O. Maciel, Alexandre F. R. Missassi, Lyw 2018. Changes in Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Over Time in Parque Estadual do Utinga, a Protected Area Surrounded by Urbanization. Herpetology Notes 11: 499-512 - get paper here
  • Bärtsch, André 1993. Wildlife as Canon sees it: Yellow-headed Sideneck Turtle. (Podocnemis unifilis). National Geographic 183(5):unnumbered
  • Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio;, Reginaldo Assêncio Machado & Luiz Carlos Batista Turci 2011. Herpetofauna da área do Igarapé Esperança na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre – Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11 (3): 117-144 - get paper here
  • Bernardo, PH.; R.A. Guerra-Fuentes; W.Matiazzi; H. Zaher 2012. Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Reserva Biológica do Tapirapé, Pará, Brazil. Check List 8(5):839-846 - get paper here
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Bour, Roger 2006. Types of Podocnemidae in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Emys 13 (1): 27-40
  • Cañas-Orozco, J. 2015. Auf Exkursion durch den kolumbianischen Amazonas-Regenwald. Reptilia (Münster) 20 (115): 86-95 - get paper here
  • CATENAZZI, A., LEHR, E. & VON MAY, R. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru. Biota Neotropica 13 (4): 269-283
  • Cisneros-Heredia, D.F. 2006. Turtles of the Tiputini Biodiversity Station with remarks on the diversity and distribution of the Testudines from Ecuador. Biota Neotropica 6 (1): 1-16 - get paper here
  • Cole, Charles J.; Carol R. Townsend, Robert P. Reynolds, Ross D. MacCulloch, and Amy Lathrop 2013. Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125 (4): 317-578; plates: 580-620 - get paper here
  • Cornejo-Páramo, P., Lira-Noriega, A., Ramírez-Suástegui, C. et al. 2020. Sex determination systems in reptiles are related to ambient temperature but not to the level of climatic fluctuation. BMC Evol Biol 20: 103 - get paper here
  • Cueva, R; Naveda-Rodríguez, A & Zapata-Ríos, G 2018. Podocnemis unifilis (Yellow-spotted River Turtle) Juvenile movement. Herpetological Review 49 (2): 323 - get paper here
  • CUNHA, F. A. G., AND R. C. VOGT 2020. Podocnemis unifilis (Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtle). Flavism. Herpetological Review 51: 581-582.
  • CUNHA, F. A. G., S. ROCHA, AND R. C. VOGT 2020. Podocnemis unifilis (Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtle). Shell Abnormality. Herpetological Review 51: 582.
  • Cunha, Fabio A. G. and Richard C. Vogt. 2014. Podocnemis unifilis (yellow spotted Amazon River turtle) predation. Herpetological Review 45 (4): 691-692 - get paper here
  • Da Cunha, Fernando Lima Rodrigues, Rafael Bernhard and Richard C. Vogt. 2014. Podocnemis erythrocephala, Podocnemis expansa, Podocnemis sextuberculata, Podocnemis unifilis (red-headed Amazon River turtle, giant South American River turtle, six-tubercled Amazon River turtle, yellow-spotted Amazon River turtle) coexistence. Herpetological Review 45 (2): 319 - get paper here
  • DA SILVA, ODAIR DIOGO; JOSELAINE SOUTO HALL SILVA, VANCLEBER DIVINO SILVA-ALVES, THATIANE MARTINS DA COSTA, EDER CORREA FERMIANO, CLAUMIR CÉSAR MUNIZ, ÁUREA REGINA ALVES IGNÁCIO, MARIA ANTONIA CARNIELLO, PAULO CÉSAR VÊNERE, MANOEL DOS SANTOS FILHO & 2022. The midday sun reveals what the waters hide: Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (Testudines, Podocnemididae), another exotic species in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso state. Biota Neotropica 22. - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 2005. Cusco Amazónico: The Lives of Amphibians and Reptiles in an Amazonian Rainforest. Comstock Pub Assoc.
  • Duellman, W.E., & Salas, A.W. 1991. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Cuzco Amazonico, Peru. Occas. Papers Mus. of Natur. Hist., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence (143): 13 pp. - get paper here
  • Eisemberg, C.C.; R.C. Vogt, R.A.M. Balestra, S.J. Reynolds, K.A. Christian 2019. Don't put all your eggs in one basket – Lessons learned from the largest-scale T and longest-term wildlife conservation program in the Amazon Basin. Biological Conservation 238: 108182 - get paper here
  • Emmons, Louise H. 2016. Observations on hard-ground nesting of Podocnemis unifilis in Bolivia. Herpetological Review 47 (2): 186-189 - get paper here
  • Erickson, J. & I. L. Kaefer 2015. Multiple leucism in a nest of the yellow-spotted Amazon River turtle, Podocnemis unifilis. Salamandra 51 (3): 273-276 - get paper here
  • Erickson, José; Baccaro, Fabrício 2016. Nest predation of the yellow-spotted Amazon River turtle (Podocnemis unifilis, Troschel, 1848) by the fire ant (Solenopsis geminata, Fabricius, 1804) in the Brazilian Amazon. The Herpetological Journal 26 (2): 183-186 - get paper here
  • Erickson, José; Francisco Raphael Pereira, Fabrício Baccaro 2021. Competitive Interaction between Two Ant Species Facilitates Egg Hatching in Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtles (Podocnemis unifilis). South American Journal of Herpetology 20 (1), 84-91 - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Eversole, C. B., Powell, R. L., Rivas, L. R., & Lizarro, D. E. 2024. Reptile Biodiversity and Vulnerability in Bolivia’s Beni Department: Informing Conservation Priorities in a Neglected Frontier. Diversity, 16(6), 335 - get paper here
  • Fabrezi, M.; Manzano, A.; Abdala, V. & Zaher, H. 2009. Developmental basis of limb homology in Pleurodiran turtles, and the identity of the hooked element in the chelonian tarsus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155: 845–866 - get paper here
  • Fachín-Terán, Augusto & Richard C. Vogt 2004. Estrutura populacional, tamanho e razão sexual de Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines, Podocnemididae) no rio Guaporé (RO), norte do Brasil [Population structure, size and sex ratio in Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines, Podocnemididae) in the Guaporé river Phyllomedusa 3 (1): 29-42 - get paper here
  • Fagundes, C. K., Fath, F., Côrtes, L. G., Uhlig, V., Andrade, P. C. M., Vogt, R., ... & Júnior, P. D. M. 2021. A large scale analysis of threats to the nesting sites of Podocnemis species and the effectiveness of the coverage of these areas by the Brazilian Action Plan for Amazon Turtle Conservation. Journal for Nature Conservation, 125997 - get paper here
  • Fantin, C. et al. 2007. PRIMER NOTE: Microsatellite DNA markers for Podocnemis unifilis, the endangered yellow-spotted Amazon River turtle. Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 1235–1238 - get paper here
  • Fantin, C., L.S. Viana, L.A. Dos S. Monjeló & I.P. Farias 2008. Polyandry in Podocnemis unifilis (Pleurodira: Podocnemididae) the vulnerable yellow-spotted Amazon River turtle Amphibia-Reptilia, 29(4): 479-486. - get paper here
  • Ferronato, B. et al. 2011. New locality records for chelonians (Testudines: Chelidae, Podocnemididae, Testudinidae) from Departamento de Pasco, Peru. Herpetology Notes 4: 219-224 - get paper here
  • Foote, R.W. 1978. Nesting of Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Pelomedusidae) in the Colombian Amazon Herpetologica 34 (4): 333-339. - get paper here
  • Frair, W.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Rhodin, A.G.J. 1978. Blood biochemistry and relations among Podocnemis turtles (Pleurodira, Pelomedusidae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 61B: 139-143 - get paper here
  • Freitas, M. A. de, Venancio, N. M., Abegg, A. D., Azevedo, W. S, Pereira, V. O., Zanotti, A. P., Veloso, A., Schwarzbach, L., Oliveira, A. G., da Silva, R. C. C., de Amorim, V. R. G. and de Moura, G. J. B. 2020. Herpetofauna at the Rio Acre Ecological Station, Amazon Rainforest, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 13: 33-48. - get paper here
  • Fretey, J. 1977. Les Chéloniens de Guyane Française. 1. Etude préliminaire. Thesis, University of Paris. 201 pp.
  • Gaffney, Eugene S.; Peter A. Meylan, Roger C. Wood, Elwyn Simons, and Diogenes De Almeida Campos 2011. Evolution of the Side-Necked Turtles: The Family Podocnemididae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (350): 1-237 - get paper here
  • GARCÍA-MARTÍN, JOAQUINA M.; JULLIE M. SARMIENTO-RAMÍREZ & JAVIER DIÉGUEZ-URIBEONDO. 2021. Beyond Sea Turtles: Fusarium keratoplasticum in Eggshells of Podocnemis unifilis, a Threatened Amazonian Freshwater Turtle. Journal of Fungi 7(9): 742. - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gorzula, Stefan & Senaris, J. Celsa 1999. In: Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I: a data base. Scientia Guaianae, Caracas, No. 8 [1998], 269+ pp.; ISBN 980-6020-48-0
  • Gray, J. E. 1871. Note on Podocnemis unifilis. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 8: 68-70 - get paper here
  • Herz, M. 2014. Begegnungen mit Schildkröten im venezolanischen Bundesstaat Amazonas. Teil 1: Wasserschildkröten. Reptilia (Münster) 19 (110): 52-59
  • Hoogmoed,M.S. and Gruber,U. 1983. Spix and Wagler type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Natural History Musea in Munich (Germany) and Leiden (The Netherlands). Spixiana Suppl. 9: 319-415 - get paper here
  • Huang, C.C.; Clark, H.F. 1969. Chromosome studies of the cultured cells of two species of side-necked turtles (Podocnemis unifilis and P. expansa). Chromosoma 26 (3):245-253. - get paper here
  • ICZN 2019. Opinion 2431 (Case 3587) – Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (Reptilia, Testudines): precedence given over Emys cayennensis Schweigger, 1812. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 76: 77-78 - get paper here
  • JORGE, R. F., & PEÑA, A. P. 2022. REPTILES FROM AN URBAN PARK IN THE CERRADO OF CENTRAL BRAZIL. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 17(2), 413-422 - get paper here
  • Júnior, Paulo Dias Ferreira and Paulo de Tarso Amorim Castro. 2006. Thermal environment characteristics of Podocnemis expansa and Podocnemis unifilis nesting areas on the Javaés river, Tocantins, Brazil. Chelonian Conserv. Biol. 5 (1): 102-107 - get paper here
  • Kahl B, Gaupp P & Schmidt G 1980. Das Terrarium. Falken Verlag, Niederhausen (Germany), 336 pp.
  • Knaack, J. 2004. Bemerkungen zur aktuellen Situation der Schienenschildkröten Podocnemis expansa und Podocnemis unifilis in Bolivien. Reptilia (Münster) 9 (48): 56-64 (Addendum in issue 5: 12) - get paper here
  • Krysko, K.K.; Enge, K.M.; Donlan, E.M.; Golden, E.Z.; Burgess, J.P. & Larson, K.W. 2009. THE NON-MARINE HERPETOFAUNA OF KEY BISCAYNE, FLORIDA. Herp. Cons. Biol. 5 (1):132-142 - get paper here
  • Leão, Sofia Ponce De; Shirley Famelli & Richard C. Vogt 2019. Home Range of Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtles (Podocnemis unifilis) (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in the Trombetas River Biological Reserve, Pará, Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Jun 2019 Vol. 18, No. 1: 10-18 - get paper here
  • Llanqui IB, Salas CY, Oblitas MP 2019. A preliminary checklist of amphibians and reptiles from the vicinity of La Nube Biological Station, Bahuaja-Sonene National Park, Peru. Check List 15 (5): 773–796 - get paper here
  • Magalhães, Marcela S.; Richard C. Vogt, José Fernando M. Barcellos, Carlos Eduardo B. Moura, and Ronis Da Silveira 2014. Morphology of the Digestive Tube of the Podocnemididae in the Brazilian Amazon. Herpetologica Dec 2014, Vol. 70, No. 4: 449-463. - get paper here
  • Melo-Dias M., Souza-Cruz P.G., Moreira I.G., Curi N.H.A., Carvalho N.S., Freitas M.A., Rosa C. 2023. Invasive amphibians and reptiles living in Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 29: 38–65 - get paper here
  • MENDES-PINTO, TELÊMACO JASON; Mestrando, BERNHARD, RAFAEL, VOGT, RICHARD; PEDRETT, RONNEZZA CÉLLIA LOBATO CAMPOS;GARCIA, RAUBER SANTOS 2011. A COLLECTION OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF THE AMAZON. Rev. Colombiana cienc. Anim. 3(2): 238 - get paper here
  • Mittermeier, R.A., and R.A. Wilson. 1974. Redescription of Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix, 1824), and Amazonian pelomedusid turtle. Pap. Avul. Zool., Sao Paulo 28:147-162. - get paper here
  • Morato, S.A.A.; Calixto, P.O.; Mendes, L.R.; Gomes, R.; Galatti, U.; Trein, F.L.; Oliveira, F.S.; Ferreira, G.N. 2014. Guia fotográfico de identificação da herpetofauna da Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera, Estado do Pará. Curitiba: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A.; 213 p. - get paper here
  • Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Guilherme Nunes Ferreira; Michela Rossane Cavilha Scupino (eds.) 2018. Herpetofauna da Amazônia Central: Estudos na FLONA de Saracá-Taquera. Curitiba, Pr: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas, Pa: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A., 2018.<br>210p. - get paper here
  • Moravec J., Aparicio J. 2004. Notes on the herpetofauna of Nacebe (Provincia Abuna, Departamento Pando, Bolivia). Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series 173 (1-4): 13-28
  • Naveda-Rodríguez, Adrián; Rubén Cueva, and Galo Zapata-Ríos 2018. Space Use of Yellow-Spotted River Turtles (Podocnemis unifilis) in Yasuni National Park, Ecuador. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Jun 2018, Vol. 17, No. 1: 37-43. - get paper here
  • Noronha, R. C. R.; L. M. R. Barros, R. E. F. Araújo, D. F. Marques, C. Y. Nagamachi, C. Martins, and J. C. Pieczarka, 2016. New insights of karyoevolution in the Amazonian turtles Podocnemis expansa and Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines, Podocnemidae). Molecular Cytogenetics (2016) 9:73, DOI 10.1186/s13039-016-0281-5
  • Oliveira-Ferronato, Bruno de; Carlos Ignacio Piña, Freddy Cochachez Molina, Renato A. Espinosa, and Víctor R. Morales 2013. Feeding Habits of Amazonian Freshwater Turtles (Podocnemididae and Chelidae) from Peru. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Jul 2013, Vol. 12, No. 1: 119-126. - get paper here
  • PARK, SEON-MI & HONG-SHIK OH. 2021. First report of Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) in neolb-eun pond area in Jeju Island. Journal of Wetlands Research 23(2): 116-121. - get paper here
  • PARK, SEON-MI & HONG-SHIK OH. 2021. First report of Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) in neolb-eun pond area in Jeju Island. Journal of Wetlands Research 23(2): 116-121. - get paper here
  • Peñaloza, Claudia L.; Omar Hernández, Rodolfo Espín, Larry B. Crowder, and Guillermo R. Barreto 2013. Harvest of Endangered Sideneck River Turtles (Podocnemis spp.) in the Middle Orinoco, Venezuela. Copeia Mar 2013, Vol. 2013, No. 1: 111-120. - get paper here
  • Pignati, Marina T.; Luana F. Fernandes, Priscila S. Miorando, and Juarez C. B. Pezzuti 2013. Hatching and Emergence Patterns in the Yellow-Spotted River Turtle, Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae), in the Várzea Floodplains of the Lower Amazon River in Santarém, Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Jul 2013, Vol. 12, No. 1: 127-133. - get paper here
  • Pignati, Marina T.; Luana F. Fernandes, Priscila S. Miorando, Paulo D. Ferreira, and Juarez C. B. Pezzuti 2013. Effects of the Nesting Environment on Embryonic Development, Sex Ratio, and Hatching Success in Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in an Area of Várzea Floodplain on the Lower Amazon River in Brazil. Copeia Jul 2013, Vol. 2013, No. 2: 303-311. - get paper here
  • Pignati, Marina Teofilo, Luana Ferreira Fernandes, Priscila Sairoski Miorando, Paulo Dias Ferreira and Juarez Carlos Brito Pezzuti. 2013. Nesting site and hatchling success of Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in a floodplain area in Lower Amazon River, Para, Brazil. South American J. Herp. 8 (3): 175-185 - get paper here
  • Pritchard, P.C.H., and P. Trebbau. 1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. SSAR Contributions to Herpetology 2: viii + 402 pp.
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Rivas, L. R., Eversole, C. B., & Powell, R. L. 2023. Urban herpetofauna of Trinidad, Beni Department, Bolivia. Herpetology Notes, 16, 399-410
  • RODRIGUES NEHEMY, IBRAHIM KAMEL; THAYLLON ORZECHOWSKY GOMES, FERNANDA PAIVA, WESLEY KAUAN KUBO, JOÃO EMÍLIO DE ALMEIDA JÚNIOR, NATHAN FERNANDES NEVES & VINICIUS DE AVELAR SÃO PEDRO. 2022. Herpeto-commerce: A look at the illegal online trade of amphibians and reptiles in Brazil. Cuadernos de Herpetología 36(2): 185–196. - get paper here
  • Santos, Ednilza Maranhão dos 2019. Record of exotic species Podocnemis unifilis (Chelidae, Podocnemidae) in a Conservation Unit in Northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 12: 87-89 - get paper here
  • Schlüter, A.; Icochea, J., & Perez, J.M. 2004. Amphibians and reptiles of the lower Río Llullapichis, Amazonian Peru: updated species list with ecological and biogeographical notes. Salamandra 40 (2): 141-160 - get paper here
  • Schneider, Larissa, John B. Iverson and Richard C. Vogt. 2012. Podocnemis unifilis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (890): 1-33 - get paper here
  • Siebenrock, F. 1902. Zur Systematik der Schildkrötengattung Podocnemis Wagl. Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Wien, 27: 104-106 - get paper here
  • SILVA BRITO, ELIZÂNGELA; FERNANDO IBANEZ MARTINS, DANTE PAVAN, ADSON GOMES DE ATAÍDES, TALITA ROSANE LIMA DO PRADO, JOÃO PAULO BARREIRINHA & ADRIANA MALVASIO. 2021. PODOCNEMIS UNIFILIS (Yellow-spotted River Turtle). DIET. Herpetological Review 52 (2): 396. - get paper here
  • SILVA OLIVEIRA, MARIA FABIELE; RICHARD C. VOGT, CARLOS EDUARDO B. DE MOURA & MARCELA DOS SANTOS MAGALHÃES. 2021. PODOCNEMIS UNIFILIS (Tracajá). OMPHALOCELE. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 130. - get paper here
  • Souza, R.R. de & R.C. Vogt 1994. Incubation Temperature Influences Sex and Hatchling Size in the Neotropical Turtle Podocnemis unifilis Journal of Herpetology 28 (4): 453-464. - get paper here
  • Souza-Alcântara, Aderson de; Daniely Félix da Silva, and Juarez Carlos Brito Pezzuti 2013. Effects of the Hydrological Cycle and Human Settlements on the Population Status of Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in the Xingu River, Brazil. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Jul 2013, Vol. 12, No. 1: 134-142. - get paper here
  • Teófilo Pignati, Marina, Wesley Dáttilo and Juarez Carlos Brito Pezzuti. 2011. Podocnemis unifilis (yellow-spotted river turtle) nest predation. Herpetological Review 42 (3): 422 - get paper here
  • Thorbjarnarson, J.B., N. Perez & T. Escalona 1993. Nesting of Podocnemis unifilis in the Capanaparo River, Venezuela Journal of Herpetology 27 (3): 344-347. - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Troschel, F.H. 1848. Amphibien. In: M.R. Schomburgk. Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-44. Im Auftrage Sr. Majestät des Königs von Preussen ausgeführt. Theil 3. Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der Fauna und Flora von British-Guiana. Leipzig, pp. 645-661 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • Valverde, J. 2009. Südamerikanische Schildkröten. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (80): 16-27 - get paper here
  • Vaz-Silva, W.; RM Oliveira, AFN Gonzaga, KC Pinto, FC Poli, TM Bilce, M Penhacek, L Wronski, JX Martins, TG Junqueira, LCC, Cesca VY, Guimarães RD. Pinheiro 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of amphibians and reptiles from Volta Grande do Xingu, northern Brazil Braz. J. Biol., 75 (3) (suppl.): S205-S218 - get paper here
  • Vogt, R.C.; Ferrara, C.R.; Bernhard, R.; Carvalho, V.T.; Balensiefer, D.C.; Bonora, L.; Novelle, S.M.H. 2007. Capítulo 9. Herpetofauna. p. 127-143. In: Rapp Py-Daniel, L.; Deus, C.P.; Henriques, A.L.; Pimpão, D.M.; Ribeiro, O.M. (orgs.). Biodiversidade do Médio Madeira: Bases científicas para propostas de conservação. INPA: Manaus, 244pp.
  • Vogt, R.C.; Thomson, S.A., Rhodin, A.G.J.; Pritchard, P.C.H.; Mittermaier, R.A. & Baggi, N. 2013. Case 3587: Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (Reptilia,Testudines): proposed precedence over Emys cayennensis Schweigger, 1812. Bull. Zool. Nomenclature 70 (1): 33-39 - get paper here
  • Wermuth, H., and R. Mertens. 1977. Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Testudines, Crocodylia, Rhynchocephalia. Das Tierreich. Berlin. 100: i-xxvii, 1-174 - get paper here
  • Winkler, J.D. 2006. Testing phylogenetic implications of eggshell characters in side-necked turtles (Testudines: Pleurodira). Zoology 109: 127-136 - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:


Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator