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Polemon graueri (STERNFELD, 1908)

IUCN Red List - Polemon graueri - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaAtractaspididae (Aparallactinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Grauer’s Snake-eater 
SynonymMiodon graueri STERNFELD 1908: 94, 244
Miodon collaris graueri — DE WITTE & LAURENT 1947: 77
Miodon collaris graueri — PITMAN 1974
Polemon graueri — SPAWLS et al. 2001: 427
Polemon graueri — WALLACH et al. 2014: 573
Polemon graueri — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 462
Polemon graueri — PORTILLO et al. 2018
Polemon graueri — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 462
Polemon graueri — CHIPPAUX & JACKSON 2019: 181
Polemon graueri — TRAPE 2023: 632 
DistributionUganda, E Democratic Republic of Congo (E Zaire)

Type locality: “Entetbe [= Entebbe], Uganda”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB ? 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 603 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Synonyms: all 3 subspecies are synonyms of fulvicollis (fide V. WALLACH, pers. comm.) but graueri is phylogenetically quite different from fulvicollis even though morphologically very similar. 
EtymologyNamed after Rudolf Grauer (1870-1927), an Austrian explorer and zoologist who collected in the then Belgian Congo (1909 and 1910-1927). See http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Grauer for more details. 
References
  • Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Chirio, L. & Lebreton, M. 2007. Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. MNHN, IRD, Paris 688 pp.
  • Kusamba, Chifundera; Alan Resetar, Van Wallach, Kasereka Lulengo and Zoltán T. Nagy. 2013. Mouthful of snake: An African snake-eater’s (Polemon fulvicollis graueri) large typhlopid prey. Herpetology Notes 6: 235-237.
  • Mocquard, F. 1887. Sur les ophidiens rapportés du Congo par la Mission de Brazza. Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris (7) 11: 62-92 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O. S. G., P. Carlino, L. Chirio and J.-L. Albert 2016. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica IV. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 51: 73 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G. & Vande Weghe, J.P. 2008. Les reptiles du Gabon. Smithsonian Institution, Washington: 272 pp. - get paper here
  • Pitman,C.R.S. 1974. A guide to the snakes of Uganda. Codicote, Wheldon & Wesley, L., 290 pp.
  • Portillo, F., Branch, W.R., Conradie, W., Rödel, M-O., Penner, J., Barej, M.F., Kusamba, C., Muninga, W.M., Aristote, M.M., Bauer, A.M., Trape, J-F., Nagy, Z.T., Carlino, P., Pauwels, O.S.G., Menegon, M., Burger, M., Mazuch, T., Jackson, K., Hughes, 2018. Phylogeny and biogeography of the African burrowing snake subfamily Aparallactinae (Squamata: Lamprophiidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here
  • Resetar, A.R. & H. MARX 1981. A redescription and generic reallocation of the African colubrid snake Elapocalamus gracilis Boulenger with a discussion of the union of the brille and postocular shield. Journal of Herpetology 15 (1): 83-89. - get paper here
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Sternfeld, R. 1908. Neue und ungenügend bekannte afrikanische Schlangen. S. Ber. Ges. naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 4: 92-95 - get paper here
  • Sternfeld, R. 1908. Zur Schlangenfauna Ostafrikas. I. Schlangen aus Süd-Abessinien. II. Schlangen aus Britisch-Ostafrika. III. Schlangen aus Portugiesisch-Ostafrika. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 4(1): 236–247 - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1990. Note sur une collection de serpents du Congo avec description d'une espèce nouvelle. Rev. Zool. Afr. (J. Afr. Zool.) 104: 375-383
  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995. Les serpents du Congo: liste commentée et clé de détermination. Journal of African Zoology 109 (1): 31-50
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Witte, G. F. de & LAURENT,R.F. 1943. Contribution à la systématique des Boiginae du Congo Belge (Rept.) [and errata slip]. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr. 37: 157-189
  • Witte, G. F. de & LAURENT,R.F. 1947. Revision d'un groupe de Colubridae africains: genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus, et formes affines. Mém. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belgique (sér. 2) 29: 1-134 - get paper here
 
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