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Porthidium ophryomegas (BOCOURT, 1868)

IUCN Red List - Porthidium ophryomegas - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Slender Hognose Viper
G: Westliche Stülpnasenotter 
SynonymBothrops ophryomegas BOCOURT 1868: 201
Bothrops lansbergii ophryomegas BOCOURT 1868
Trimeresurus ophryomegas — BOCOURT 1909
Trimeresurus lansbergii — SCHMIDT & ANDREWS 1936
Trimeresurus lansbergii annectans SCHMIDT 1936 (fide WILSON & MEYER 1982)
Bothrops lansbergii annectens (SCHMIDT 1936) (fide WILSON & MEYER 1985)
Bothrops lansbergii annectens — HOGE 1966: 123
Bothrops lansbergii annectens — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 48
Bothrops ophryomegas — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 53
Bothrops ophryomegas — VILLA et al. 1988
Porthidium ophryomegas — WELCH 1994: 101
Porthidium ophryomegas — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 323
Porthidium ophryomegas — SAVAGE 2002
Porthidium ophryomegas — WALLACH et al. 2014: 577 
DistributionW Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico (Chiapas)

Type locality: "les terres chaudes du versant occidental de la Cordillere Escuintla (Guatemala)" [= warm regions on western slope of Cordillera, Escuintia, Guatemala]. The Pacific slope of the Department of Guatemala is actually the southern slope
(lAC).  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesSyntypes: MNHN-RA 1593 and MNHN-RA 1991.1440 (formerly MNHN-RA 1593A)
Holotype: MCZ 38782 (also given as 38783) [annectens] 
Diagnosis 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy partly after VILLA et al. 1988 and PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970.

Distribution: erroneously reported from Panama (Smith 1958; Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970; Auth 1994; Young et al. 1999; Perez-Santos 1999; Fundación PA.NA.M.A. 2007). However, this was based on MCZ 26873, thought to be from Progreso in Chiriquí, but actually collected in the Progreso district of Honduras (Campbell & Lamar 2004; McCranie 2011, S. Lotzkat, pers. comm., 23 Dec 2015), Reports from Mexico (Yucatan) are also in error; not in Mexico (Wallach et al. 2014, Heimes 2016).

Habitat: terrestrial 
References
  • Amaral, A. 1929. Studies of neotropical ophidia XII. On the Bothrops lansbergii group. Bull. Antivenin Inst. America 3 (1): 19-27
  • Bocourt,M.F. 1868. Descriptions de quelques crotaliens nouveaux appartenant au genre Bothrops, recueillis dans le Guatémala. Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, Ser. 5, (Zool.) 10: 201-202 - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • DeSantis, Dominic L., Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García-Padilla and Larry David Wilson. 2016. Nature Notes. Porthidium ophryomegas (Bocourt, 1868). Arboreality. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 158–159 - get paper here
  • Espinal, Mario; José M. Solís, Carlos M. O’Reilly, Leonel Marineros, and Hermes Vega 2014. New distributional records for amphibians and reptiles from the department of Santa Bárbara, Honduras. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 300 - get paper here
  • Grünwald, Christoph I., Karen I. Morales-Flores, Héctor Franz-Chávez, Alexander I. Hermosillo-López, and Jason M. Jones. 2016. First report of Porthidium ophryomegas (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Mexico, with comments on the status of an endangered biogeographical formation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(4): 1104–1107 - get paper here
  • Guerra Centeno, Dennis; Héctor Fuentes Rousselin & David Morán Villatoro 2012. Serpientes de Guatemala: Guía para didentificación de especies. Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, 186 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
  • McCranie J R 2011. The snakes of Honduras. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 725 pp.
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Mertens, R. 1952. Die Amphibien und Reptilien von El Salvador. Abh. senckenb. naturf. Ges. (Frankfurt) (No. 487): 120 pp.
  • Monzel, Markus & Wolfgang Wüster 2008. Neotropische Grubenottern – Evolution, Biogeographie und Ökologie. Draco 8 (33): 4-27 - get paper here
  • Parkinson,C.L. 1999. Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of pitvipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia 1999 (3): 576-586 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here
  • Porras, L.W. & Solórzano, A. 2006. Costa Rica’s venomous snakes. Reptilia (GB) (48): 11-17 - get paper here
  • Porras, L.W. & Solórzano, A. 2006. Die Schlangen Costa Ricas. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (61): 20-27 - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna Between Two Continents, Between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, 934 pp. [review in Copeia 2003 (1): 205]
  • Schmidt, K. P, & ANDREWS, E. W. 1936. Notes on snakes from Yucatán. Field Mus. Nat Hist. Zool. Ser. 20: 167-187. - get paper here
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Solorzano A; Gutierrez J M; Cerdas L 1988. Bothrops ophryomegas Bocourt (Serpentes: Viperidae) en Costa Rica: distribucion, lepidosis, variacion sexual y cariotipo. Revista de Biologia Tropical 36 (2A) 1988: 187-190 - get paper here
  • Solorzano, A. 2004. Serpientes de Costa Rica - Snakes of Costa Rica. Editorial INBio, Costa Rica, 792 pp.
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Villa, J., Wilson, L.D., Johnson, J.D. 1988. Middle American Herpetology - A Bibliographic Checklist. University of Missouri Press, 132 pp [review in Copeia 1989 (3): 802]
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wilson, L. D., & MEYER, J. R. 1985. The Snakes of Honduras. 2d ed. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Publ., Biol. & Geol. No. 6, 150 pp.
 
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