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Protobothrops mangshanensis (ZHAO, 1990)

IUCN Red List - Protobothrops mangshanensis - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Mangshan pitviper, Mt. Mang Pitviper, Mang Mountain Pitviper
Chinese: 莽山原矛头蝮 
SynonymTrimeresurus mangshanensis ZHAO 1990
Ermia mangshanensis — ZHANG 1993
Ermia mangshanensis — ZHANG 1998
Trimeresurus mangshanensis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 339
Ermia mangshanensis — GUMPRECHT et al. 2002
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — GUMPRECHT & TILLACK 2004 (nom. nov.)
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — GUMPRECHT et al. 2004
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — ZHAO 2006
Protobothrops mangshanensis — GUO et al. 2007
Protobothrops mangshanensis — ORLOV et al. 2009
Protobothrops mangshanensis — LIVIGNI 2013: 414
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 795
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — VISSER 2015
Zhaoermia mangshanensis — DAVID & VOGEL 2015
Protobothrops mangshanensis — SNETKOV & ORLOV 2017 
DistributionChina (Hunan)

Type locality: Mt. Mang (Mangshan), Pingkeng District, Yizhang County, Hunan Province, China, elevation 700-900 m.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: CIB 098485, juvenile male (designated by GUO et al. 2012)
Holotype: ZS 8901 (considerably damaged and skull removed); Paratype: ZS 8902 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4322 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Nomenclature: The genus Ermia is pre-occupied by a locust genus.

Distribution: see map in Guo et a. 2016: 383 (Fig. 1).

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
Etymologynamed after the type locality. 
References
  • David, Patrick; Tong, Haiyan 1997. Translations of recent descriptions of Chinese pitvipers of the Trimeresurus-complex (Serpentes, Viperidae), with a key to the complex in China and adjacent areas. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (112): 1-31 - get paper here
  • Deng, Z., Xia, X., Zhang, M., Chen, X., Ding, X., Zhang, B., ... & Yang, D. 2024. Predicting the Spatial Distribution of the Mangshan Pit Viper (Protobothrops mangshanensis) under Climate Change Scenarios Using MaxEnt Modeling. Forests, 15(4), 723 - get paper here
  • Fischer, O. 2018. Spannende Reptilien und moderne Technik in neuen Schweizer Zooanlagen - Jurrasic Park lebt! Teil 2: Aquatis – Eröffnung und erster Rundgang. Reptilia 23 (130): 44-55
  • GAO, ZHIWEI; TIANYU QIAN, JIANPING JIANG, DEJIA HOU, XUEJIAN DENG & DAODE YANG. 2022. Species diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Hunan Province, China. Biodiversity Science 30 (2): 21290, 1–15 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Boyer, D.M. & Tepedelen, K. 2002. Die Grubenottern der Gattung Trimeresurus (sensu lato) LACÉPÈDE, Teil I: Anmerkungen zur Biologie, Haltung und ANchzucht von Ermia mangshangensis (ZHAO 1990). Sauria 24 (4): 3-11 - get paper here
  • Gumprecht, A.; Tillack, F.; Orlov, N.L.; Captain, A. & Ryabow, S. 2004. Asian pitvipers. Geitje Books, Berlin, 368 pp.
  • Gumprecht, Andreas and Frank Tillack 2004. Proposal for a replacement name of the snake genus Ermia Zhang, 1993. Russ. J. Herpetol. 11(1): 73-76. - get paper here
  • Guo, P., F. J. Zhang, and Y. Y. Chen. 1999. Catalogue of type specimens of reptiles in the Herpetological Collections of Chengdu Institute of Biology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Asiatic Herpetological Research 8: 43~47 - get paper here
  • Guo, P.; Jadin, R.C.; Malhotra, A. & Li, C. 2009. An investigation of the cranial evolution of Asian pitvipers (Serpentes: Crotalinae), with comments on the phylogenetic position of Peltopelor macrolepis. Acta Zoologica 91: 402-407 - get paper here
  • Guo, P.; Li, J.; Chen, Y. & Wang, Y. 2012. Designation of a Neotype for Protobothrops mangshanensis (Zhao, 1990). Asian Herpetological Research 3 (4): 340–341 - get paper here
  • GUO, PENG; QIN LIU, TAO WEN, RONG XIAO, MING FANG, GUANGHUI ZHONG, NGUYEN Q. TRUONG, FEI ZHU, ROBERT C. JADIN, CAO LI 2016. Multilocus phylogeny of the Asian Lance-headed pitvipers (Squamata, Viperidae, Protobothrops). Zootaxa 4093 (3): 382–390 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Huang, Xin; Daode Yang, Liang Zhang, Baowei Zhang 2014. Mitochondrial genome of Protobothrops mangshanensis (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae). Mitochondrial DNA 25 (6): 435-436, doi: 10.3109/19401736.2013.809445 - get paper here
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
  • LiVigni, F. (ed.) 2013. A Life for Reptiles and Amphibians, Volume 1. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 495 pp. - get paper here
  • Love, Bill 2017. Reptilien und Amphibien besser fotografieren. Terraria-Elaphe 2017 (3): 14-23 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Mebert, K. 2020. Untersuchungen im Lebensraum der hochbedrohten Mangshan-Viper (Protobothrops mangshanensis). Elaphe 2020 (4): 66-69
  • Orlov, Nikolai L.; Sergei A. Ryabov, and Nguyen Thien Tao 2009. Two New Species of Genera Protobothrops Hoge et Romano-Hoge, 1983 and Viridovipera Malhotra et Thorpe, 2004 (Ophidia: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from Karst Region in Northeastern Vietnam. Part I. Description of a New Species of Protobothrops Genus. Russ. J. Herpetol. 16 (1): 69-82 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • PAUL, LAURENCE & ROBERT W. MENDYK. 2021. Glow and Behold: Biofluorescence and New Insights on the Tails of Pitvipers (Viperidae: Crotalinae) and Other Snakes. Herpetological Review 52 (2): 221–237. - get paper here
  • Snetkov, P. B.; N. L. Orlov 2017. Phylogenetic Analysis of Old World Viperid Snakes (Serpentes, Viperidae) Based on Skeletal Morphology. Russ. J. Herpetol. 24 (1): 22-34 - get paper here
  • Spranger, Tade Matthias 2012. Haltung und Handel „exotischer” Tiere als Gegenstand des Polizei- und Ordnungsrechts. Draco 13 (51): 44-53 - get paper here
  • Visser 2015. Asian Pitvipers. Breeding Experience & Wildlife. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 571 pp. ISBN 978-3-89973-450-8
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wang, Kai; Jinlong Ren, Hongman Chen, Zhitong Lyu, Xianguang Guo Ke Jiang, Jinmin Chen, Jiatang Li, Peng Guo, Yingyong Wang, Jing Che 2020. The updated checklists of amphibians and reptiles of China. Biodiversity Science 28 (2): 189-218 - get paper here
  • YANG, JIAN-HUAN; NIKOLAI L. ORLOV & YING-YONG WANG 2011. A new species of pitviper of the genus Protobothrops from China (Squamata: Viperidae). Zootaxa 2936: 59–68 - get paper here
  • Zhang, F.J. 1993. Division of the genus Trimeresurus (sensu lato) based on the morphology of their skulls. In: Zhao, E.M. et al. (eds.). Proc. First Asian herpetology Meeting 1992; Chines Forestry Press (Beijing), Herp. Ser. 4: 48-57
  • Zhang, F.J. 1998. Division of the distinct pit viper of genus Ermia (Serpentes: Viperidae) of China. Russ. J. Herpetol. 5 (1): 83-84. - get paper here
  • Zhao, E.M. 2006. The snakes of China [in Chinese]. Hefei, China, Anhui Sience & Technology Publ. House, Vol. I, 372 pp., Vol. II (color plates), 280 pp.
  • Zhao,E. & Adler,K. 1993. Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522
  • Zhao,E. in: Zhao E; Chen Y 1990. Description of a new species of the genus Trimeresurus. Sichuan Journal of Zoology 9 (1) : 11-12 - get paper here
 
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