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Psammodromus hispanicus FITZINGER, 1826

IUCN Red List - Psammodromus hispanicus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaLacertidae (Gallotiinae), Sauria, Lacertoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Spanish Psammodromus
G: Spanischer Sandläufer, Iberischer Sandläufer
D: Spaanse Zandloper 
SynonymPsammodromus hispanicus FITZINGER 1826: 22
Psammodromus hispanicus hispanicus — MERTENS 1925
Psammodromus hispanicus — MALKMUS 1982: 277
Psammodromus hispanicus — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Psammodromus hispanicus — FITZE et al. 2012
Psammodromus hispanicus — LIVIGNI 2013: 290
Psammodromus hispanicus — SPEYBROECK et al. 2020 
DistributionC Spain; Terra typica restricta: south of Spain

Type locality: restricted to South of Spain (MERTENS & MÜLLER 1940)
Neotype locality: Perales de Tajuña, Madrid, (Spain)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: MNCN-CSIC, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain (MNCN/ ADN 41745), designated by FITZE et al. 2012. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): see Arnold 1973: 347. 
CommentSubspecies: SINDACO & JEREMCENKO 2008 state that edwardsianus is not accepted by any authors (!?). Nevertheless, FITZE et al. 2012 revalidated P. h. edwardsianus and suggested to elevate it to full species status, a decision followed by several subsequent authors.

Distribution: not in Portugal (P. Fitze, pers. comm.).

P. hispanicus hispanicus (Fitzinger 1826) and P. hispanicus edwardsianus (Dugès 1829) can be easily distinguished by the absence or presence of a supralabial scale below the subocular scale, respectively (Boulenger 1921, Mertens 1925, Pérez-Mellado 1998). P. hispanicus can be distinguished from P. algirus by the smaller body size, a shorter tail length that rarely exceeds 2 x SVL, absence of pterygoid teeth, presence of a gular fold and distinct collar scales, and pres- ence of two central ventral rows of clearly narrower scales compared to scales of adjoining rows. P. microdactylus can be distinguished from the other species by the absence of a gular fold. In 40 % of P. microdactylus kind of a collar could be detected, while a collar was present in 100% of the other species (Table 1 in FITZE et al. 2012). The only character that allows distinguishing between P. blanci and P. microdactylus (at least in old museum specimens) is the presence/absence of the diffuse gular fold. However, there are specimens that show intermediate characters.

Type species: Psammodromus hispanicus FITZINGER 1826: 22 is the type species of the genus Psammodromus FITZINGER 1826.

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyNamed after the origin of the species in Spain. 
References
  • Boettger, O. 1879. Amphibien aus Südportugal. Z. ges. Naturwiss. 52: 497-534 - get paper here
  • Bosch, H A J in den 1986. Zu Fortpflanzung und sozialem Verhalten von Psammodromus hispanicus FITZINGER, 1826, nebst einigen Bemerkungen zu Psammodromus algirus (LINNAEUS 1758). Salamandra 22 (2-3): 113-125 - get paper here
  • Bruekers, Jaco 2005. Waarnemigen aan de Spaanse Zandloper in de Provence, Zuid -Frankrijk. Lacerta 63 (2): 66-68 - get paper here
  • Carretero, M.A. & G.A. Llorente 1991. Reproducción de Psammodromus hispanicus en una arenal costero del nordeste ibérico Amphibia-Reptilia, 12(4): 395-408. - get paper here
  • CASTRO-EXPÓSITO, ARANCHA DE; ENRIQUE GARCÍA-MUÑOZ & FRANCISCO GUERRERO. 2021. Reptile diversity in a Mediterranean wetlands landscape (Alto Guadalquivir region, southeastern Spain): are they affected by human impacts? Acta Herpetologica 16(1): 27–36. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1839. Erpétologie Générale on Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 5. Roret/Fain et Thunot, Paris, 871 pp. - get paper here
  • Engelmann, W.E. et al. 1993. Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas. Neumann Verlag (Radebeul, Germany), 440 pp.
  • Fitze, Patrick S.; Gonzalez-Jimena, V.; San-José, L.M.; San Mauro, D. & Zardoya, R. 2012. A new species of sand racer, Psammodromus (Squamata: Lacertidae), from the Western Iberian Peninsula. Zootaxa 3205: 41–52 - get paper here
  • Fitze, Patrick S; Virginia Gonzalez-Jimena, Luis M San-Jose, Diego San Mauro, Pedro Aragón, Teresa Suarez and Rafael Zardoya 2011. Integrative analyses of speciation and divergence in Psammodromus hispanicus (Squamata: Lacertidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 11:347 - get paper here
  • Fitzinger, L. 1826. Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren natürlichen Verwandtschaften nebst einer Verwandschafts-Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des K. K. Zoologischen Museums zu Wien. J. G. Heubner, Wien, 66 pp. - get paper here
  • GARCÍA-DÍEZ, TERESA; JOSÉ E. GONZÁLEZ-FERNÁNDEZ 2013. The reptile type specimens preserved in the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) of Madrid, Spain. Zootaxa 3619 (1): 046–058 - get paper here
  • Glandt, Dieter;Schlüpmann, Martin;Thiesmeier, Burkhard 1998. Herpetologische Beobachtungen in der Algarve, Südportugal. Zeitschrift für Feldherpetologie 5: 181-208 - get paper here
  • GUERRERO-CASADO, JOSÉ; ANTONIO CARPIO, MARTA CANÓS-BURGUETE, MIZAR TORRIJO-SALESA & FRANCISCO S. TORTOSA. 2022. The modernization of traditional vineyards into intensive trellis systems reduces the species richness and abundance of reptiles. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 20(2): e0302. - get paper here
  • Kwet, A. 2010. Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart, 252 pp.
  • Kwet, Axel & Benny Trapp 2014. Liste der Reptilien Europas. Draco 15 (60): 72-79 - get paper here
  • Kwet, Axel & Benny Trapp 2014. Reptilien in Europa – eine aktuelle Übersicht. Draco 15 (60): 6-25 - get paper here
  • LiVigni, F. (ed.) 2013. A Life for Reptiles and Amphibians, Volume 1. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 495 pp. - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R. 1982. Beitrag zur Verbreitung der Amphibien und Reptilien in Portugal. Salamandra 18 (3-4): 218-299 - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R. 1983. Nachtrag zur Verbreitung der Amphibien und Reptilien Portugals. Salamandra 19 (1-2): 71-83 - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R. 1995. Die Amphibien und Reptilien Portugals, Madeiras und der Azoren. Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, Bd. 621. Westarp Wissenschaften (Magdeburg)/Spektrum Akademischer Verlag (Heidelberg)
  • Malkmus, Rudolf 2003. Daten zur Winteraktivität portugesischer Echsen (Sauria). Die Eidechse 14 (2) - get paper here
  • Malkmus,R. 1989. Einige Neufunde zur Herpetofauna am portugiesischen Oberdouro. Salamandra 25 (2): 125-127 - get paper here
  • Molina, C., Tamar, K., de la Vega, J. P. G., Burriel-Carranza, B., Fernandez-Guiberteau, D. and Carranza, S. 2020. New records on the distribution of the Spanish sand racer species (Squamata, Psammodromus) in Spain, Iberian Peninsula. Basic and Applied Herpetology 34: - get paper here
  • Patterson, J. W.;Davies, P. M. C. 1977. Notes on the herpetology of the Costa Blanca in spring [Tarentola mauritanica; Podarcis hispanica; Lacerta lepida; Psammodromus algirus; Psammodromus hispanicus; Chalcides bedriagai; Malpolon monspessulanus; natrix maura]. British Journal of Herpetology 5 (9): 685-686
  • Salvador, A. 1981. Psammodromus hispanicus (Linaeus 1766) - Iberischer Sandläufer. In: Böhme,W. (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band I., Echsen I. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden, pp. 492-502
  • Salvador, A. 1981. Psammodromus hispanicus - Iberischer Sandläufer. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden, pp. 492-502
  • Salvador, Alfredo; Juan M. Pleguezuelos, and Ricardo Reques. 2021. Guía de los Anfibios y Reptiles de España. Asociación Herpetológica Española, 345 pp. ISBN: 978-8-49219-997-6 [review in HR 53 (1): 169]
  • Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. - get paper here
  • Speybroeck, Jeroen; Wouter Beukema, Christophe Dufresnes, Uwe Fritz, Daniel Jablonski, Petros Lymberakis, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Edoardo Razzetti, Melita Vamberger, Miguel Vences, Judit Vörös0, Pierre-André Crochet 2020. Species list of the European herpetofauna – 2020 update by the Taxonomic Committee of the Societas Europaea Herpetologica.. Amphibia-Reptilia 41: 139-189 - get paper here
  • Trutnau, L. 1975. Europäische Amphibien und Reptilien. Belser Verlag, Stuttgart 212 pp.
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • Zang, R. 1903. Die Stimme der deutschen Lacerten. Zool. Anz. 26: 421-422 - get paper here
 
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