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Pseudemydura umbrina SIEBENROCK, 1901

IUCN Red List - Pseudemydura umbrina - Critically Endangered, CR
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Higher TaxaChelidae, Pseudemydurinae, Pleurodira, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Western Swamp Turtle
G: Falsche Spitzkopfschildkröte 
SynonymPseudemydura umbrina SIEBENROCK 1901: 249
Pseudemydura umbrina — SIEBENROCK 1907: 294
Emydura inspectata GLAUERT 1954
Pseudemydura umbrina — GAFFNEY 1977
Pseudemydura umbrina — COGGER 2000: 200
Pseudemydura umbrina — GEORGES & THOMSON 2010
Pseudemydura umbrina — TTWG 2021 
DistributionSW Australia (southward from Bullsbrook about 25 km to the marshy areas in the suburbs of Perth)

Type locality: Australia  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: NMW 89 (8450) =1296 (NHMW)
Holotype: WAM R11092 [Emydura inspectata] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1871 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: Map in MACCORD et al. (2003).

Conservation: This is one of the most endangered turtle species according to a 2003 assessment by the IUCN.

Type species: Pseudemydura umbrina SIEBENROCK 1901: 249 is the type species of the genus Pseudemydura SIEBENROCK 1901. Pseudemydura is the type genus of the subfamily Pseudemydurinae Gaffney 1977:24.

Habitat: freshwater (swamps)

Karotype: diploid number of 50 (22 macrochromosomes, 28 microchromosomes), macrochromosomes 6 and 10 are acrocentric and pair 10 has a secondary constriction adjacent to the centromere (Bull and Legler 1980)

Abundance: Rare. This is one of the species called 'lost' and 'rediscovered' by Lindken et al. 2024. 
EtymologyPresumably named after the Latin umbra (shadow) plus the feminine diminutive suffix -ina, in reference to the small size and dark coloration of this species. (G. Shea, pers. comm., 9 Feb 2024)

The genus Pseudemydura was apparently named after Greek pseudes (false) with the base genus Emydura, from which Siebenrock distinguishes his new genus.
Derivation not explicitly stated by Siebenrock (1901). 
References
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here
  • Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp.
  • Ellis, Ryan J. and Arthur Georges 2015. An annotated type catalogue of the turtles (Testudines: Pleurodira: Chelidae) in the collection of the Western Australian Museum. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 30: 52-60, DOI: 10.18195/issn.0312-3162.30(1).2015.052-060 - get paper here
  • Gaffney, Eugene S. 1977. The side-necked turtle family Chelidae: a theory of relationships using shared derived characters. American Museum Novitates (2620): 1-28 - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248 - get paper here
  • Georges, A. & Thomson, S. 2010. Diversity of Australasian freshwater turtles, with an annotated synonymy and keys to species. Zootaxa 2496: 1–37 - get paper here
  • Glauert, L. 1954. Herpetological Miscellanea. IV. A new swamp tortoise from the Swan River district. Western Australian Naturalist 4 (6): 125-127 - get paper here
  • King, J.M., G. Kuchling & S.D. Bradshaw 1998. Thermal Environment, behavior, and body condition of wild Pseudemydura umbrina (Testudines: Chelidae) during late winter and early spring Herpetologica 54 (1): 103-112. - get paper here
  • Kuchling, G. 1993. Nesting of Pseudemydura umbrina (Testudines: Chelidae): The Other Way Round Herpetologica 49 (4): 479-487. - get paper here
  • Kuchling, Gerald; Horn, Hans-Georg 1995. Die falsche Spitzkopfschildkröte. TI Magazin 1995 (122): 43-47
  • Lindken T.; Anderson, C. V., Ariano-Sánchez, D., Barki, G., Biggs, C., Bowles, P., Chaitanya, R., Cronin, D. T., Jähnig, S. C., Jeschke, J. M., Kennerley, R. J., Lacher, T. E. Jr., Luedtke, J. A., Liu, C., Long, B., Mallon, D., Martin, G. M., Meiri, 2024. What factors influence the rediscovery of lost tetrapod species? Global Change Biology, 30: 1-18 - get paper here
  • McCord, W.P.; Joseph-Ouni, M. & Cann, J. 2003. Chelonian Illustrations #7. Short-neck, Western Swamp, and Pig-Nose Turtles from Australia and New Guinea. Reptilia (GB) (27): 64-68 - get paper here
  • Parker, M.R. and Fitzgerald, L.A. 2024. Using life history to predict outcomes of conservation translocations of herpetofauna. Anim. Conserv. - get paper here
  • Siebenrock, F. 1907. Beschreibung und Abbildung von Pseudemydura umbrina Siebenr. und über ihre systematische Stellung in der Familie Chelydidae. Akad. Anz. Wien 44: 294 - get paper here
  • Siebenrock,F. 1901. Beschreibung einer neuen Schildkrötengattung aus der Familie Chelydidae von Australien: Pseudemydura. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math. nat. Kl. 1901: 248-250 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Conservation Biology of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises: A Compilation Project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group. Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • White A W; Archer M 1994. Emydura lavarackorum, a new Pleistocene turtle (Pleurodira: Chelidae) from fluviatile deposits at Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. Rec. South Austral. Mus. 27 (2): 159-167 - get paper here
  • Williams,E. E. 1958. Rediscovery of the Australian chelid genus Pseudemydura SIEBENROCK (Chelidae, Testudines). Breviora (84): 1-12 - get paper here
  • Wilson, D.S. et al. 2003. Estimating age of turtles from growth rings: a critical evaluation of the technique. Herpetologica 59 (2): 178-194 - get paper here
  • Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
  • Zhang, Xiuwen; Peter J. Unmack, Gerald Kuchling, Yinan Wang, Arthur Georges 2017. Resolution of the enigmatic phylogenetic relationship of the critically endangered Western Swamp Tortoise Pseudemydura umbrina (Pleurodira: Chelidae) using a complete mitochondrial genome. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 115: 58-61 - get paper here
  • Zwinenberg, A.J. 1975. The Western Swamp Tortoise (Pseudemydura umbrina), one of Australia's Rarest Reptiles Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 11(1): 14-20. - get paper here
 
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