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Pseudoindotyphlops exiguus (JAN, 1864)

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Higher TaxaTyphlopidae (Asiatyphlopinae), Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Belgaum Worm Snake 
SynonymTyphlops exiguus JAN, in JAN & SORDELLI 1864
Typhlops exiguus — BOULENGER 1893: 31
Typhlops exignus WERNER 1921: 332 (error typographicus)
Typhlops exiguus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 101
Typhlops exiguus — DAS 2003
Typhlops exiguus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 762
Indotyphlops exiguus — HEDGES et al. 2014
Pseudoindotyphlops exiguus — SIDHARTHAN et al. 2024: 6 
DistributionIndia (Belgaum, Karnataka State, south-western India)

Type locality: “East lndies” ["Indes Orientales"]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: SMNS 2473, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (Pseudoindotyphlops): Pseudoindotyphlops gen. nov. can be distinguished from the co-distributed Indotyphlops species by a T-III/V (T-III on one side and T-V on the other) or T-V supralabial imbrication pattern and the following combination of characters: small to moderate-sized (total length 65–285 mm), slender-bodied (length/width ratio 65–88) snakes with 18 scale rows (with reduction in P. porrectus), transverse scale rows between 412 and 444, tail short (1.4–2.3% of total length) with 7–12 subcaudals and length/ width ratio between 1.0 and 2.0. Dorsal and lateral head profiles rounded, narrow to moderate rostral (0.25–0.50 head width), inferior nasal suture in contact with supralabial scales 1 and/or 2, with a single postocular. (SIDHARTHAN et al. 2024)


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CommentThe plate carrying the illustration of Typhlops exiguus appeared in April, 1864, while the description appeared in October, 1864.

Type species: Typhlops exiguus JAN, in JAN & SORDELLI 1864 is the type species of the genus Pseudoindotyphlops SIDHARTHAN et al. 2024.

Based on the tree in SIDHARTHAN et al. 2024, the new genus seems justified, but node support is not high, hence a tree that groups Pseudoindotyphlops with Indotyphlops cannot be rejected. Thus "demonstrated polyphyly" is not correct. Moreover, the morphological characters don't support their new genus (with input from Blair Hedges, pers. comm., 29 March 2024). 
EtymologyNamed for Latin “exiguus” = insignificant.

The genus Pseudoindotyphlops refers to the morphological and distributional similarity with Indotyphlops, with the Latin adjective pseudo (meaning ‘false’) in the prefix referring to the molecular dissimilarity that distinguishes it from Indotyphlops. 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Das, Indraneil 2003. Growth of Knowledge on the Reptiles of India, with an Introduction to Systematics, Taxonomy and Nomenclature. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 100 (2-3): 446-502 - get paper here
  • Hedges, S.B., Marion, A.B., Lipp, K.M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49: 1–61 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1864. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 3. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Schlüter, A. & Hallermann, J. 1997. The Type Specimens in the Herpetological Collection of the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart. Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A (553): 1-15 - get paper here
  • Wallach, V. & Pauwels, OS.G. 2004. Typhlops lazelli, a new species of Chinese blindsnake from Hong Kong (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Breviora (512): 1-21 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van 1999. Typhlops meszoelyi, A new species of blind snake from northeastern India (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Herpetologica 55 (2): 185-191 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1921. Synopsis der Schlangenfamilie der Typhlopiden auf Grund des Boulenger'schen Schlangenkatalogs (1893-1896). Archiv für Naturgeschichte 87A: 266-330
 
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