Pseudonaja affinis GÜNTHER, 1872

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Pseudonaja affinis affinis GÜNTHER 1872 Pseudonaja affinis exilis STORR 1989 Pseudonaja affinis tanneri WORRELL 1961
Common Names	E: Dugite
Synonym	Pseudonaja affinis GÜNTHER 1872: 35 Demansia affinis — FRY 1914: 193 Demansia textilis affinis — LOVERIDGE 1934 Demansia nuchalis affinis — WORRELL 1961 Demansia nuchalis tanneri — WORRELL 1961: 56 Pseudonaja nuchalis affinis — WORRELL 1963 Pseudonaja affinis — COGGER 1983: 232 Pseudonaja affinis — COGGER 2000: 670 Dugitophis affinis affinis — WELLS 2002 Pseudonaja affinis charlespiersoni HOSER 2009 Pseudonaja affinis charlespiersoni — HOSER 2012 (preliminary) Pseudonaja affinis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 604 Pseudonaja affinis — MIRTSCHIN et al. 2017 Pseudonaja affinis exilis STORR 1989 Dugitophis affinis exilis — WELLS 2002 Pseudonaja affinis exilis — HALLERMANN 2020 Pseudonaja affinis tanneri WORRELL 1961 Demansia nuchalis tanneri WORRELL 1961 Dugitophis affinis tanneri — WELLS 2002 Pseudonaja tanneri — BEOLENS et al. 2011
Distribution	Australia (South Australia, Western Australia) affinis: coastal SW Western Australia; Type locality: Australia exilis: Rottnest Island, Western Australia; Type locality: Rottnest Island, Western Australia. tanneri: Western Australia: Boxer Island and other offshore islands; Type locality: Boxer Island, REcherche Archipelago, Western Australia.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.19.77. Holotype: WAM 19870 [exilis] Holotype: NMV D9819, from Boxer Is., Recherche Archipelago, W. A. [tanneri]
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (749 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Venomous!
Etymology	Presumably named after the Latin affinis (related to). Boulenger's description compares the species only to P. nuchalis, and distinguishes it on the basis of midbody scale differences. (G. Shea, pers. comm., 9 Feb 2024)
References	Bush, B. 1981. Reptiles of the Kalgoorlie-Esperance Region. B. Bush, Perth, 46 pp - get paper here Bush, B. & Maryan, B. 2006. Snakes and Snake-like Reptiles of Southern Western Australia. Snakes Harmful & Harmless, Stoneville, Perth, Western Australia, 40 pp. - get paper here CLEUREN, SILKE G.C.; MATTHEW B. PATTERSON, DAVID P. HOCKING, NATALIE M. WARBURTON & ALISTAIR R. EVANS. 2022. Fang shape varies with ontogeny and sex in the venomous elapid snake Pseudonaja affinis. Journal of Morphology 283(3): 287–295. - get paper here Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp. Fry, D. B. 1914. On a collection of reptiles and batrachians from Western Australia. Rec. West. Austral. Mus. 1:174-210 - get paper here Günther,A. 1872. Seventh account of new species of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) 9: 13-37 - get paper here Hallermann, J. 2020. An annotated list of reptiles and amphibians from the 1905 Hamburg expedition to southwest Australia deposited in the Zoological Museum Hamburg. Evolutionary Systematics 4: 61 - get paper here Hoser, R. 2009. Eight new taxa in the genera Pseudonaja Gunther 1858, Oxyuranus Kinghorn 1923, and Panacedechis Wells and Wellington 1985 (Serpentes:Elapidae). Australasian J. Herpetol. 4: 1-27 - get paper here Kaiser, H.; Crother, B.I.; Kelly, C.M.R.; Luiselli, L.; O’Shea, M.; Ota, H.; Passos, P.; Schleip, W.D. & Wüster, W. 2013. Best Practices: In the 21st Century, Taxonomic Decisions in Herpetology are Acceptable Only When Supported by a Body of Evidence and Published via Peer-Review. Herpetological Review 44 (1): 8-23 Maryan, Brad 1996. The Dugite or spotted brown snake Pseudonaja affinis. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 26 (2): 22-34 Mirtschin, P., Rasmussen, A.R. & Weinstein, S.A. 2017. Australia’s Dangerous snakes. CSIRO Publishing, 424 pp. - get paper here Skinner, Adam 2009. A multivariate morphometric analysis and systematic review of Pseudonaja (Serpentes, Elapidae, Hydrophiinae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (1): 171-197 - get paper here Skinner, Adam; Stephen C. Donnellan; Mark N. Hutchinson and Rhonda G. Hutchinson 2005. A phylogenetic analysis of Pseudonaja (Hydrophiinae, Elapidae, Serpentes) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 37 (2): 558-571 - get paper here Storr, G. M. 1979. Dangerous Snakes of Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum Press 3rd edn., 24 pp. Storr, G.M. 1989. A new Pseudonaja (Serpentes, Elapidae) from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Perth 14(3): 421–423 Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wells, Richard W. 2002. Taxonomy of the Genus Pseudonaja (Reptilia: Elapidae) in Australia. Australian Biodiversity Record (7): 1-41 Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp. Wolfe, Ashleigh K; Philip W Bateman, Patricia A Fleming, 2018. Does urbanization influence the diet of a large snake? Current Zoology, Volume 64, Issue 3, June , Pages 311–318, - get paper here Worrell, E. 1961. A new insular brown snake. Proc. R. Zool. Soc. N. S. W. 1958-59: 56-58 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/elapids/elapids.htm http://www.amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/pdf/elapidae.pdf https://sites.google.com/site/retruhservices/gallery http://www.liasis.net/ebooks/pseudonaja.pdf http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Pseudonaja/affinis Google images

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