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Psomophis obtusus (COPE, 1863)

IUCN Red List - Psomophis obtusus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Wide Ground Snake
Portuguese: Corredeira-do-Banhado 
SynonymRhadinaea obtusa COPE 1863: 101
Coronella obtusa — BOULENGER 1885
Rhadinaea obtusa — BOULENGER 1894 (2): 171
Liophis obtusus — AMARAL 1929: 89
Liophis obtusus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 179
Rhadinaea obtusa — CEI 1993
Psomophis obtusus — MYERS & CADLE 1994
Psomophis obtusus — LEYNAUD & BUCHER 1999: 33
Psomophis obtusus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 614
Psomophis obtusus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Rio Grande do Sul), S Paraguay, Argentina (Chaco, Entre Rios ?, Corrientes ?), Uruguay

Type locality: Paysandú, Uruguay  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: lost, formerly USNM, a 410+ female (Kennedy); lost fide Myers and Cadle, 1994: 24 
DiagnosisOriginal description: Muzzle broadly rounded, rather short. Head small. Tail one-fourth the total length. Head plates shorter than in the poecilopogon; outlines of vertical slightly concave. Eight superior labials, loreal nearly square, encroaching on the single preocular, which does not reach the vertical. Two postoculars touching one temporal. Scales in nineteen longitudinal rows. Total length 41,25’’, the tail 8.75" (Cope 1863: 101).

Coloration: Above olive brown; ends of gastrosteges and sides, including border of fifth row of scales, blackish; a median dorsal band embracing one and two half rows of scales, which disappear on the tail. Beneath saffron yellow; a blackish dot on the end of each gastrostege anteriorly. Chin and labial regions immaculate (Cope 1863: 101). 
CommentThe species of Psomophis are most likely to be confused with species of the "Rhadinaea" brevirostris group (sensu Myers).

Type species: Rhadinaea obtusa is the type species of the genus Psomophis MYERS & CADLE 1994.

Synonymy partly after CEI 1993. 
References
  • Amaral, A. do 1929. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos ophidios do Brasil. IV. Lista remissiva dos ophidios do Brasil. Mem. Inst. Butantan, Sao Paulo, 4: 71-125 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1886. A synopsis of the reptiles and batrachians of the province Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 18: 423-445 - get paper here
  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
  • Carreira Vidal, Santiago 2002. Alimentación de los ofidios de Uruguay. Asoc. Herp. Esp., Monograf. Herp. 6, 127 pp. - get paper here
  • Carreira, S.; Brazeiro, A.; Camargo, A.; da Rosa, I.; Canavero, A. & Maneyro, M. 2012. DIVERSITY OF REPTILES OF URUGUAY: KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION GAPS. Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2a época) 21 (1-2): 9-29 - get paper here
  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
  • Cope, E.D. 1863. Descriptions of new American Squamata in the Museum of the Smtihsonian Institution. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 15 [1863]: 100-106 - get paper here
  • Di Pietro, Diego O.; Nenda, Santiago J.; Williams, Jorge D. 2010. New records of Psomophis obtusus (Cope, 1863) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in Argentina and Uruguay. Cuadernos de Herpetología 24 (2) - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Lema, Th. de 1994. Lista comentada dos répteis occorentes nor Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Comun. Mus. Cienc. Tecnol. PUCRS, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre 7: 41-150
  • Leynaud, Gerardo C. and Enrique H. Bucher 1999. La fauna de serpientes del Chaco Sudamericano: diversidad, distribución geografica y estado de conservación. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Miscelanea (98):1-46
  • Myers, C W. Cadle J E. 1994. A new genus for South American snakes related to Rhadinaea obtusa Cope (Colubridae) and resurrection of Taeniophallus Cope for the "Rhadinaea" brevirostris group. American Museum Novitates (3102): 1-33 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Prigioni, C.; C. Borteiro; F. Kolenc. 2011. Amphibia and Reptilia, Quebrada de los Cuervos, Departamento de Treinta y Tres, Uruguay. Check List 7 (6): 763-767 - get paper here
  • Scrocchi, G.J. & Giraudo,A. 1997. El género Psomophis (Serpentes - Colubridae) en la Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetología 11 (1): - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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