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Ptyas carinata (GÜNTHER, 1864)

IUCN Red List - Ptyas carinata - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Keeled Rat Snake
G: Gekielte Rattenschlange
Chinese: 黑网乌梢蛇 
SynonymCoryphodon carinatus GÜNTHER 1858: 112 (invalid)
Zaocys carinatus GÜNTHER 1864
Zaocys (Zapyrus) carinatus — BOETTGER 1887
Zaocys tenasserimensis SCLATER 1891: 238
Zaocys carinatus — BOULENGER 1893: 377
Ptyas carinatus — TAYLOR 1922: 136
Ptyas carinatus — WALL 1923
Zaocys carinatus — SMITH 1943
Ptyas carinatus — TAYLOR 1965: 736
Zaocys carinatus — GRANDISON 1978: 291
Ptyas carinatus — DAVID & VOGEL 1996
Zaocys carinatus — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 402
Ptyas carinatus — COX et al. 1998: 55
Zaocys carinatus — GRISMER et al. 2002
Zaocys carinatus — ROOIJEN & ROOIJEN 2002
Ptyas carinatus — MALKMUS et al. 2002
Ptyas carinata — DAVID & DAS 2004
Zaocys carinatus — ZHAO 2006
Ptyas carinata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 615 
DistributionBurma (Myanmar), China (Yunnan),
Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo), Laos (Oudomxay, Bokèo, Xaignabouli),
Malaysia (Malaya and East Malaysia, Pulau Tioman),
Philippines (Palawan), Singapore Island,
Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia

Type locality: Borneo  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH (presumed, status unclear fide P. Campbell, pers. comm., March 2019). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Maxillary teeth, 22-26; internasals two thirds of the length of prefrontals; two to four loreals; eight to ten supralabials, fourth and fifth or fifth and sixth bordering orbit. Scale-formula: 18, 16 (14), 12; four to six median scalerows keeled. (Taylor 1965: 736)


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CommentSynonymy: The description of this species has constantly been credited to Günther (1858) but as shown by Dubois & David (2020), the nomen created by this author, although widely used, is not valid as it is an invalid objective junior synonym of Coluber dhumnades Cantor, 1842.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).

This is the largest Asian colubrid snake as its maximum total length is 399 centimeters (Das 2012). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “carinatus” = keeled (like a ship). 
References
  • Bergman, R.A.M. 1952. L'anatomie du genre Ptyas a Java. Riv. Biol. Colon., Roma 12:1-42.
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp.
  • Das, I. 2012. A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and Bali. Oxford J, ohn Beaufoy Publishing - get paper here
  • Das, Indraneil; Jye Wen Wong 2021. Predation on Gonocephalus liogaster (Agamidae) by Ptyas carinata (Colubridae) in Sarawak, Borneo. Herpetology Notes 14: 349-351 - get paper here
  • David, P. & I. Das 2004. On the grammar of the gender of Ptyas Fitzinger, 1843 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Hamadryad 28 (1&2): 113-116 - get paper here
  • David,P. & Vogel, G. 1996. The snakes of Sumatra. An annotated checklist and key with natural history notes. Bücher Kreth, Frankfurt/M.
  • Dowling, H.G., & Jenner, J.V. 1988. Snakes of Burma: checklist of reported species and bibliography. Smithsonian Herp. Inf. Serv. (76): 19 pp. - get paper here
  • FIGUEROA, ALEX; MARTYN E.Y. LOW, KELVIN K.P. LIM 2023. Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution. Zootaxa 5287 (1): 001–378 - get paper here
  • Grandison, A. G. C. 1978. Snakes of West Malaysia and Singapore. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 81 [1977]: 283-303 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L.L. 2011. Amphibians and reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 239 pp.
  • Grismer, L.L., McGuire, J.A.; Sosa, R. & Kaiser, H. 2002. Revised checklist and comments on the terrestrial herpetofauna of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. Herpetological Review 33 (1): 26-29 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of Colubrine snakes of the British Museum. London, I - XVI, 1 - 281 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hauser, Sjon; Ton Smits, Johan van Rooijen 2022. Records of Body Bending Behavior (‘Liana Crypsis’) in Five Snake Species in Thailand and One in Spain Russian Journal of Herpetology 28 (2): 65-75
  • KHOERUNISA, IRA; MIRZA D. KUSRINI, AND ANI MARDIASTUTI 2021. Diversity of snake rescued from residential areas in Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, Indonesia. Media Konservasi 26 (3): 231-238; DOI: 10.29244/medkon.26.3.231-238 - get paper here
  • Lang, Ruud de 2017. The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 435 pp. - get paper here
  • Lidth DE JEUDE, T.W. VAN 1922. Snakes from Sumatra. Zoologische Mededelingen 6: 239-253. - get paper here
  • Malkmus, R.; Manthey, U.; Vogel, G. Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. 2002. Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A.R.G. Ganther Verlag, Rugell, 404 pp.
  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. - get paper here
  • Maury, N., David, P., & Sudavanh, S. 2023. THE SNAKE FAUNA OF LAOS WITH NEW PROVINCIAL RECORDS. TAPROBANICA 11 (2): 84–93 - get paper here
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  • NGUYEN, T. V., E. FOURNIER, P. BRAKELS, AND N. A. POYARKOV 2020. Geographic Distribution: Ptyas carinata (Keeled Rat Snake). Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Bokeo Province: Houayxay District. Herpetological Review 51: 548.
  • Rooijen, J. van & van Rooijen, M. 2002. Einige Ergänzungen, Berichtigungen und neue Beobachtungen zur Herpetofauna von Pulau Tioman, West-Malaysia. Sauria 24 (3): 3-12 [erratum in 24 (4): 34] - get paper here
  • SACHA, M. 2015. Herpetoreisen in Thailand: Erste Eindrücke aus Krabi. Sauria 37 (3): 43-55 - get paper here
  • Sclater,W.L. 1891. Notes on a collection of snakes in the Indian Museum, with descriptions of several new species. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal LX: 230-250 - get paper here
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