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Pygmaeascincus koshlandae (GREER, 1991)

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Eugongylinae (Eugongylini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Fine-browed Dwarf Skink 
SynonymMenetia koshlandae GREER 1991
Menetia koshlandae — COGGER 2000: 764
Menetia koshlandae — WILSON & SWAN 2010: 318
Menetia koshlandae — COGGER 2014: 656
Pygmaeascincus koshlandae — COUPER & HOSKIN 2014 
DistributionAustralia (Queensland)

Type locality: 10 km N of Palmer River via Cairns-Cooktown road, Queensland (16°02’S, 144°48’E)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: QM J50554 (formerly AM R 56660) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Differs from all other Menetia as diagnosed above in the following combination of characters: frontoparietals and interparietals fused; pretemporals two, and upper palpebrals (sensu Taylor, 1935:71) small. (Greer 1991)

Description. Supranasals absent; rostral-frontonasal contact broad; prefrontals moderately separted; frontal small (about same size as first supraocular); supraoculars three, first longest, second and third equal in size; frontoparietals and interparietal fused; parietal eye spot evident; parietals in broad medial contact; transversely enlarged nuchals invariant, 1/1. Nasals small, widely separated; loreals two; preoculars two; presubocular one; supraciliaries five; supralabials six, fourth long and subocular; infralabials six; pretemporals two; primary temporal one; secondary temporals two, upper overlaps lower; postsupralabial one; external ear opening small (3 times external naris), without lobules; eyelid with large, clear spectacle permanently fixed in raised position with small palpebral slit, i.e., preablepharine. Postmental contacts first two infralabials on each side; pairs of enlarged chin scales three, scales of first pair barely separated, scales of second pair separated by one longitudinal scale row, and scales of third pair separated by three scale rows. Body scales smooth, in 20 longitudinal rows at midbody; paravertebrals 56-60; supradigital scales of fourth toe single, 9-10; subdigital lamellae of fourth toe smoothly rounded, 15-18; outer preanal scales overlap inner. Color in preservative, dorsum uniformly medium brown; sides darker brown; venter of head and body pale brown, many body scales dark-edged; venter of tail medium brown. SVL 20.5-28.0 mm; front and rear limbs 14-18 and 21-25 percent of SVL, respectively. Premaxillary teeth 11; palatal rami of pterygoids with recurved medial processes (i.e., beta configuration); presacral vertebrae 31-32. (Greer 1991) 
Comment 
EtymologyNamed after Phyllis A. Koshland for her contributions to Australian herpetology through collecting and illustrating. 
References
  • Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here
  • Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp.
  • Couper, P., Covacevich, J., Amey, A. & Baker, A. 2006. The genera of skinks (Family Scincidae) of Australia and its island territories: diversity, distribution and identification. in: Merrick, J.R., Archer, M., Hickey, G.M. & Lee, M.S.Y. (eds.). Evolution and Zoogeography of Australasian Vertebrates. Australian Scientific Publishing, Sydney, pp. 367-384
  • COUPER, PATRICK J.; CONRAD J. HOSKIN 2014. A new genus to accommodate three skinks currently assigned to Menetia (Lacertilia: Scincidae). Zootaxa 3884 (6): 597–599 - get paper here
  • Greer A E 1991. Two new species of Menetia from northeastern Queensland, with comments on the generic diagnoses of Lygisaurus and Menetia. Journal of Herpetology 25 (3): 268-272 - get paper here
  • Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
 
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