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Ranacephala hogei (MERTENS, 1967)

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Higher TaxaChelidae, Chelinae, Pleurodira, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Hoge’s Toadhead Turtle, Hoge’s Side-necked Turtle
G: Hoges Krötenkopfschildkröte
Portuguese: Cágado, Cágado-de-Hoge, Cágado-de-Hogei, Cágado-do-Paraíba, Cágado-do-Paraíba-do-Sul 
SynonymPhrynops hogei MERTENS 1967
Phrynops hogei — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989
Ranacephala hogei — MCCORD et al. 2001
Ranacephala hogei — MCCORD & JOSEPH-OUNI 2002
Ranacephala hogei — SOUZA 2004
Phrynops hogei — ROCHA et al. 2004
Mesoclemmys hogei — BOUR & ZAHER 2005
Ranacephala (Phrynops) hogei — BONIN et al 2006
Mesoclemmys hogei — VAN DIJK et al. 2011
Phrynops (Mesoclemmys) hogei — PHILIPPEN 2012
Ranacephala hogei — TTWG 2021 
DistributionBrazil (Rio de Janeiro, Minas Merais: Rio Paraiba drainage, S Espirito Santo: Rio Itapemirim)

Type locality: "Rio Pequena, sudwestlich von Sao Paulo, Brasilien".  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: SMF 62530. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus Ranacephala). A toadhead turtle of the family Chelidae distinguished by having a distinct bicolor head (as in B. nasuta); a relatively small head (as in M. gibba); a pointed snout (as in all toadheads but the P. geoffroanus complex); large barbels (most similar to P. geoffivanus); wide parietal roof width in adults (as in M. gibba and P. geoffroanus); intergular seute narrower than gulars (as in P. geoffroanus, B. tuberculata, and B. heliostemma); interabdominal seam (of plastral seam formula) longest (unique to R. hogei); carapace domed (as in R. rufipes and M gibba); the lack of a vertebral keel (as in all toadheads but R. rufipes and M. gibba); carapacial median groove present in mature adults (as in all toadheads but R. rufipes and M. gibba); 11th marginal narrower than 12th (as in R. rufipes, M. gibba and B. vanderhaegei); the antero-medial distal tibial scale is well developed, (as in B. zuliae, B. raniceps, B. tuberculata, B. nasuta and B. heliostemma); the lateral marginals upturned (as with all toadheads but R. rufipes and P. geoffroanus, but with Ranacephala the upturn is "sharp" as in M. gibba, B. vanderhaegei, B. dahli, B. zuliae, and B. tuberculata); and plastron solid yellow (as in R. rufipes, B. dahli and B. zuliae). The chelid
foramen is thought to be present, but this is not confirmed (R. Bour pers. comm.). Data on the neural series are unconfimed at this time due to lack of skeletonized specimens (McCord et al. 2001). 
CommentFor a color illustration and distribution map see MCCORD & JOSEPH-OUNI 2002.

Habitat: freshwater (rivers, swamps)

Type species: Phrynops hogei MERTENS 1967 is the type species of the genus Ranacephala MCCORD et al. 2001. 
EtymologyNamed after Dr. Alphonse Richard Hoge (1912-1982), a Brazilian-born Belgian herpetologist. Soon after his birth, the family returned to Belgium (1913). However, he returned to Brazil and joined Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil (1946), and was Director of the Biology Departtnent (1969-1982). 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp.
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Bour, R. & Zaher, H. 2005. A NEW SPECIES OF MESOCLEMMYS, FROM THE OPEN FORMATIONS OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL (CHELONII, CHELIDAE). Pap. Avul. Zool., Sao Paulo 45 (24): 295-311 - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • Ettmar, Stephan 2019. Toad-headed turtles of the genus Mesoclemmys - Distribution, Natural History, Husbandry. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 204 pp.
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • McCord, W. P., Joseph-Ouni, M.i & W. W. Lamar 2001. A taxonomic reevaluation of Phrynops (Testudines: Chelidae) with the description of two new genera and a new species of Batrachemys. Revista de Biologia Tropical 49 (2): 715-764 - get paper here
  • McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2002. Chelonian illustrations #1: South American Toadhead Turtles. Reptilia (GB) (21): 34-38 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1967. Bemerkenswerte Süßwasserschildkröten aus Brasilien. Senckenbergiana Biologica 48 (1): 71-82
  • Mertens, R. 1967. Die herpetologische Sektion des Natur-Museums und Forschungs-Institutes Senckenberg in Frankfurt am Main nebst einem Verzeichnis ihrer Typen. Senckenbergiana Biologica 48: 1-106 - get paper here
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • Philippen, H. - D. 2012. Phrynops. Die Gattung der Krötenkopfschildkröten. Reptilia (Münster) 17 (98): 42-48 - get paper here
  • Reed, Kent M.; Hanks, Brian G.; Bickham, John W.; Rhodin, Anders G. J.;Greenbaum, Ira F.;Mittermeier, Russell A.;Fedullo, Luiz P. 1991. Cytogenetic analysis of the pleuodine turtle Phrynops hogei and its taxonomic implications. Amphibia-Reptilia 12: 203-212 - get paper here
  • Rhodin, A.G.J., R.A. Mittermeier, da Rocha e Silva. 1982. Distribution and taxonomic status of Phrynops hogei, a rare chelid turtle from southeastern Brazil. Copeia 1982 (1): 179-181 - get paper here
  • ROCHA, CARLOS FREDERICO D.; HELENA G.BERGALLO, JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR., LENA GEISE, MONIQUE VAN SLUYS, RONALDO FERNANDES, ULISSES CARAMASCHI 2004. FAUNA DE ANFÍBIOS, RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro (104): 3-23 - get paper here
  • Souza, Franco L. 2004. Uma revisão sobre padrões de atividade, reprodução e alimentação de cágados brasileiros (Testudines, Chelidae) [A review on activity patterns, reproduction, and feeding habits in Brazilian chelid turtles (Testudines, Chelidae)]. Phyllomedusa 3 (1): 15-28 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Dijk, Peter Paul van; John B. Iverson, H. Bradley Shaffer; Roger Bour & Anders G.J. Rhodin [turtle taxonomy working group] 2011. Turtles of the World, 2011 Update: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. Chelonian Research Monographs No. 5: 78 pp.; doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v4.2011 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
 
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