You are here » home › advanced search › Rena dulcis

Rena dulcis BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853

IUCN Red List - Rena dulcis - Least Concern, LC
iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Rena dulcis?

Add your own observation of
Rena dulcis »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaLeptotyphlopidae, Epictinae, Epictini, Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Texas Blind Snake
dulcis: Plains Threadsnake
rubellum: South Texas Threadsnake
G: Texas-Schlankblindschlange
S: Culebrilla Ciega Texana
E: Tampico Threadsnake [myopica]
S: Culebrilla Ciega de Tampico [myopica]
E: New Mexico Blind Snake [dissecta]
G: New Mexico-Schlankblindschlange [dissecta]
S: Culebrilla Ciega de Nuevo Mexico [dissecta] 
SynonymRena dulcis BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 142
Stenostoma dulce — COPE 1861: 305
Stenostoma (Rena) dulce — JAN 1863: 15
Stenostoma tenuiculum GARMAN 1884: 5 (fide WALLACH et al. 2014)
Stenostoma rubellum GARMAN 1884
Stenostoma myopicum GARMAN 1884: 6
Stenostoma myopicum GARMAN 1884: 130
Stenostoma myopicum — GARMAN 1887: 129
Stenostoma tenuiculum — GARMAN 1887: 129
Stenostoma rubellum — GARMAN 1887: 129
Rena tenuicula — COPE 1887: 91
Leptotyphlops dulcis — STEJNEGER 1891: 501
Glauconia dulcis — COPE 1892: 590
Glauconia dulcis — BOULENGER 1893: 65
Glauconia myopica — BOULENGER 1893: 69
Glauconia dissecta COPE 1896: 753
Leptotyphlops myopica — BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE 1929
Leptotyphlops myopica — TAYLOR 1939: 2
Leptotyphlops dulcis myopicus — KLAUBER 1940
Leptotyphlops dulcis dulcis — KLAUBER 1940: 108
Leptotyphlops humilis tenuiculus — KLAUBER 1940: 538
Leptotyphlops dulcis dissectus — KLAUBER 1940
Leptotyphlops myopicus myopicus — SMITH 1944: 146
Leptotyphlops myopicus myopicus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945
Leptotyphlops myopicus dissectus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945
Leptotyphlops myopicus dissectus — SMITH & SANDERS 1952: 216
Leptotyphlops dulcis dissectus — HAHN 1979
Leptotyphlops dulcis myopicus — HAHN 1979
Leptotyphlops dulcis dulcis — HAHN 1979
Leptotyphlops dulcis — STEBBINS 1985: 172
Leptotyphlops dulcis supraocularis TANNER 1985: 625 (fide HEIMES 2016)
Leptotyphlops dulcis — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 144
Leptotyphlops dulcis — LINER 1994
Leptotyphlops dulcis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 28
Leptotyphlops dulcis dulcis — CROTHER 2000: 65
Leptotyphlops dulcis dissectus — CROTHER 2000: 65
Leptotyphlops dulcis dissectus — DIXON 2000
Leptotyphlops dulcis dissectus — TENNANT & BARTLETT 2000
Leptotyphlops dissectus — DIXON & VAUGHAN 2003
Rena dulcis rubella — DIXON & VAUGHAN 2003
Leptotyphlops myopicus — DIXON & VAUGHAN 2003
Rena myopica — ADALSTEINSSON, BRANCH, TRAPE, VITT & HEDGES 2009
Leptotyphlops sp. B — ADALSTEINSSON et al. 2009
Rena sp. B. — ADALSTEINSSON et al. 2009
Leptotyphlops dissectus — BATEMAN et al. 2009
Rena dissecta — ADALSTEINSSON et al. 2009
Leptotyphlops myopicus — VITE-SILVA et al. 2010
Rena dulcis — CROTHER et al. 2012
Rena dulcis rubellum — CROTHER et al. 2012
Rena dissectus — CROTHER et al. 2012
Rena dissecta — WALLACH et al. 2014: 631
Rena dulcis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 632
Rena myopica — WALLACH et al. 2014: 632
Rena dulcis rubella — CROTHER et al. 2017
Rena dissectus — CROTHER et al. 2017
Rena dulcis — FLORES-VILLELA et al. 2022
Rena dissecta — SZYNDLAR & GEORGALIS 2023
Rena myopica — SZYNDLAR & GEORGALIS 2023 
DistributionUSA (Colorado, S Oklahoma and most of Texas) (DIXON & VAUGHAN 2003), Mexico (Quéretaro, Chihuahua, San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Coahuila)

dissecta: USA (New Mexico, W Texas, Oklahoma), Mexico (Coahuila); Type locality: “road at the silver mines at Lake Valley, southern New Mexico”

dulcis: USA (Texas, S Oklahoma); Mexico (N Tamaulipas, C Nuevo Leon); Type locality: Between San Pedro and Comanche Springs, Texas.

myopica: Mexico (N Veracruz, probably N Puebla,
S San Luis Potosi northward across S Tamaulipas to
C Nuevo Leon, Hidalgo); Type locality: Savineto, near Tampico, Tamaulipas.

rubella: USA (S Texas), extreme NE Mexico (DIXON & VAUGHAN 2003); Type locality: “Uvalde, Texas”

supraorbicularis (invalid): Mexico (Chihuahua); Type locality: Colonia Juárez, Chihuahua, México.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 7296
Holotype: ANSP 10752 [dissecta]
Holotype: BYU 30426, adult, collected by Virginia and Herman Hatch in April 1965 [supraocularis]
Syntypes: MCZ 4526, UMMZ 111306; other specimens in KU [myopicus]
Holotype: MCZ 4584 [rubellum] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (3058 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSubspecies: Leptotyphlops dulcis myopicus has been elevated to a full species, L. myopicus, with one race, L. myopicus iversoni, by DIXON & VAUGHAN (2003). L. d. iversoni (SMITH et al. 1998) is here treated as valid species. However, FLORES-VILLELA et al. 2022 synonymized dissecta, rubella and myopica (again) with dulcis.

Distribution: For (older) maps see Hahn 1979. For a map of the dulcis group see Villela-Flores et al. 2022 (although it’s black and white and all symbols look more or less the same). R. dissecta is not in Sonora fide Lemos-Espinal et al. 2019.

Group: the dulcis group of Leptotyphlops contains dulcis, bressoni, iversoni, klauberi, and segrega.The dulcis group of Leptotyphlops as defined by Klauber (1940), now allocated to the genus Rena (Adalsteinsson et al., 2009) is characterized by having a cream-colored ventral surface with scant dark pigmentation, lacking a sharply contrasting white spot on the snout or tail tip, and lacking a pattern of longitudinal lines on the dorsum. Flores-Villela et al. 2022 refer to the R. dulcis group those species having 10 scale rows around the tail.

Synonymy: S. tenuiculus was reported from Mexico (San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas); Type locality: San Luis Potosi (city?), but not in San Luis Potosí fide Lemos-Espinal et al. 2018 (checklist SLP). The holotype of R. tenuicula lacks divided anterior supralabials, but has 10 scales around the tail. Based on our examination of the holotype of R. h. tenuicula (Stenostoma tenuiculum, MCZ 4519), and the considerable variation in middorsal scale counts, supraoculars and anterior supralabials exhibited by R. dulcis (Table 2), Flores-Villela et al. 2022 consider R. tenuicula as belonging to the R. dulcis group, but leave it in the synonymy of R. dulcis.

NCBI taxonID: 711327 [dissecta] 
EtymologyThe specific name is the Latin word dulcis, meaning "sweet."

The name myopicus is derived from the Greek word myops, meaning "near-sighted" and icus, a suffix denoting a condition, in reference to the position of the eye under the ocular scale. 
References
  • Adalsteinsson, S.A.; Branch, W.R.; Trapé, S.; Vitt, L.J. & Hedges, S.B. 2009. Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata). Zootaxa 2244: 1-50 - get paper here
  • Baird, S. F. and C. Girard. 1853. Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part 1.-Serpents. Smithsonian Inst., Washington, xvi + 172 pp. - get paper here
  • Barbour, T. & LOVERIDGE,A. 1929. Typical reptiles and amphibians in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. [type catalogue] Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 69: 205-360 - get paper here
  • Bateman, Heather L.; Alice Chung-MacCoubrey, Howard L. Snell, and Deborah M. Finch 2009. Abundance and Species Richness of Snakes along the Middle Rio Grande Riparian Forest in New Mexico. Herp. Cons. Biol. 4: 1 - get paper here
  • Bezy, Robert L. and Charles J. Cole 2014. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Madrean Archipelago of Arizona and New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (3810): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Blair, Kathleen B.;Chavez, Janelda E.;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobert M. 1996. Geographic Distribution. Leptotyphlops dulcis dulcis. Herpetological Review 27 (4): 214 - get paper here
  • Blair, Kathleen B.;Smith, Hobart M. 1993. Leptotyphlops dulcis dulcis (plains blind snake). USA: Texas. Herpetological Review 24 (3): 110 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Burt, Charles E. 1935. Further records of the ecology and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in the middle west. American Midland Naturalist 16 (3): 311-336 - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cope, E.D. 1861. Contributions to the ophiology of Lower California, Mexico and Central America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 292-306 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1892. A critical review of the characters and variations of the snakes of North America. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 14: 589-694 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1896. On a new Glauconia from Mexico. American Naturalist 30: 753
  • Crother, B. I. 2000. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Herpetological Circular 29: 1-82
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.). 2017. Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with Comments Regarding Confidence in Our Understanding. 8th edition. SSAR Herpetological Circular 43: 1-104 - get paper here
  • Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A, Pineda-López R, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Rocha A, Fucsko LA, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Querétaro, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(1) [General Section]: 148–192 (e308) - get paper here
  • DAVENPORT, N., J. EHRENBERGER, K. TRIECE, S. MCMULLEN, AND H. JOHNSON 2020. Geographic Distribution: Rena dissecta (New Mexico Threadsnake). USA: Colorado: Bent Co. Herpetological Review 51: 275.
  • Davis DR, LaDuc TJ 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of C. E. Miller Ranch and the Sierra Vieja, Chihuahuan Desert, Texas, USA. ZooKeys 735: 97-130 - get paper here
  • Degenhardt, William G.; C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp.
  • Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Dixon, James R. and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Queretaro, Mexico. Tlalnepantla UNAM, 428 pp.
  • Dixon, James R.; Vaughan, Kathryn R. 2003. The Status of Mexican and Southwestern United States Blind Snakes Allied with Leptotyphlops dulcis (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae). Texas Journal of Science 55 (1):3-24 - get paper here
  • Duran M 2021. An annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of North Padre Island, Texas, USA, with comparisons to adjacent barrier island and mainland herpetofauna. ZooKeys 1073: 119-175 - get paper here
  • Enderson, Erik F.; Adrian Quijada-Mascareñas; Dale S. Turner; Philip C. Rosen & Robert L. Bezy 2009. The herpetofauna of Sonora, Mexico, with comparisons to adjoining states. Check List 5 (3): 632–672 - get paper here
  • Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo & Irene Goyenechea-Mayer Goyenechea 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 705- 712
  • Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo; Norma Leticia Manríquez-Morán; Jesús Martín Castillo-Cerón & Irene Goyenechea 2016. Análisis herpetofaunístico de la zona árida del estado de Hidalgo. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 156–170 - get paper here
  • Flores-Villela, O. A., Smith, E. N., Canseco-Márquez, L., & Campbell, J. A. 2022. A new species of blindsnake from Jalisco, Mexico (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae). Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 93: 933933 - get paper here
  • Force, Edith R. 1928. A Preliminary Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Tulsa County. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 8: - get paper here
  • Force, Edith R. 1936. Notes on the blind snake, Leptotyphlops dulcis (Baird and Girard) in northeastern Oklahoma. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 16: - get paper here
  • Garman, S. 1887. Reptiles and batrachians from Texas and Mexico. Bull. Essex Inst. 19: 119-138
  • Garman, Samuel 1884. The reptiles and batrachians of North America. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 8 (3): xxxiv + 185 pp. [1883] [CNAH reprint 10] - get paper here
  • Geluso, Keith, Schmidt, Curtis J., Brown, Mikalah M. and Slepicka, Landis R. 2016. Rena dissectus (New Mexico Threadsnake) Predation. Herpetological Review 47 (4): 688-689 - get paper here
  • Hahn D E 1979. Leptotyphlops dulcis (Baird and Girard). Texas blind snake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 231: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Han, K. 2017. Stammbaumgeschichten. Wie Zoologen Verwandtschaften bestimmen. Reptilia (Münster) 22 (127): 44-47 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Jan, G. 1861. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 2. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1863. Elenco Sistematico degli Ofidi descriti e disegnati per l'Iconografia Generale. Milano, A. Lombardi. vii + 143 pp. - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1940. The worm snakes of the genus Leptotyphlops in the United States and Northern Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9 (18): 87-162 - get paper here
  • Kreutzer, R. & Kreutzer, N. 2012. Geographic distribution: Rena (=Leptotyphlops) dulcis (Texas threadsnake). Herpetological Review 43: 622 - get paper here
  • Lazcano D, Nevárez-de los Reyes M, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, Wilson LD. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189) - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2016. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Coahuila, Mexico, with comparison with adjoining states. ZooKeys 593: 117-137, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.593.8484 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Mexico City, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 951: 109-131 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 753: 83-106 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xii + 300 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., Geoffrey R. Smith 2015. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Check List 11 (3): 1642 - get paper here
  • Marcou, Zachary John 2018. Delineating Metrics of Diversity for a Snake Community in a Rare Ecosystem. MSc Thesis, Stephen F. Austin State University - get paper here
  • McCoy, C. J. 1960. An unusually large aggregation of Leptotyphlops. Copeia 1960 (4): 368 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Montgomery, Connor P., Chad E. Montgomery and Stephen P. Mackessy. 2013. Geographic Distribution: Rena dulcis (Texas threadsnake). Herpetological Review 44 (4): 630 - get paper here
  • Nevárez-de-los-Reyes, Manuel, David Lazcano, Elí García-Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The Herpetofauna of Nuevo León, Mexico: Composition, Distribution, and Conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 558–638 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • PANDELIS, GREGORY G.; COREY E. ROELKE & NEIL R. BALCHAN. 2021. Eleven New County Records for Reptiles and Amphibians in Texas, USA. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 101–102.
  • Punzo, Fred 1974. Comparative Analysis of the Feeding Habits of Two Species of Arizona Blind Snakes, Leptotyphlops h. humilis and Leptotyphlops d. dulcis. Journal of Herpetology 8 (2): 153-156 - get paper here
  • Reid, J.R. & T.E. Lott 1963. Feeding of Leptotyphlops Dulcis dulcis (Baird and Girard) Herpetologica 19 (2): 141-142. - get paper here
  • Reyes-Vera, A. M., F. Torres-Ángeles, and J. C. Iturbe-Morgado. 2017. Rena dulcis Baird and Girard, 1853. Mexico, Hidalgo. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(1): 200–201 - get paper here
  • Rieppel, O.; Kley, N.J.; Maisano, J.A. 2009. Morphology of the Skull of the White-Nosed Blindsnake, Liotyphlops albirostris (Scolecophidia: Anomalepididae). Journal of Morphology 270: 536-557 - get paper here
  • Schaefer, Kurt;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1995. Leptotyphlops dulcis dissectus. Herpetological Review 26 (2): 110 - get paper here
  • Seung Hoon, Cha 2012. Snake, the world most beautifull curve [in Korean]. Hownext, 304 pp. [ISBN 978-89-965656-7-3] - get paper here
  • Shannon, Frederick A.;Smith, Hobart M. 1949. Herpetological results of the University of Illinois field expedition, Spring 1949. I. Introduction, Testudines, Serpentes. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 52 (4): 494-509 - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M.; Breukelen, Auth, Chiszar 1998. A subspecies of the Texas blind snake (Leptotyphlops dulcis) without supraoculars. Southwestern Naturalist 43: 437-440 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. 1944. Snakes of the Hoogstraal Expeditions to northern Mexico. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 29 (8): 135-152 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. & Sanders, Otty 1952. Distributional data on Texan amphibians and reptiles. Texas Journal of Science 4 (2): 204-219 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. & Taylor, Edward H. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (187): iv + 1-239 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David 1993. Apparent intergradation in Texas between the subspecies of the Texas blind snake (Leptotyphlops dulcis). Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 29 (4): 143-155 - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Stejneger, L. 1891. Notes on some North American snakes. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 14 (876): 501-505 - get paper here
  • Stevens, Skyler, Kelly Spencer and Sean P. Graham. 2016. Geographic Distribution: Rena dulcis (Plains Threadsnake). Herpetological Review 47 (2): 264 - get paper here
  • Szyndlar Z, Georgalis GL 2023. An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column. Vertebrate Zoology 73: 717-886 - get paper here
  • Tanner, Wilmer W. 1958. Herpetological range extensions. Herpetologica 14: 195-196 - get paper here
  • Tanner, Wilmer W. 1985. Snakes of Western Chihuahua. Great Basin Naturalist 45 (4): 615-676 - get paper here
  • Tanzer, Ernest C.;Morrison, Eston O.;Hoffpauir, Charles 1966. New locality records for amphibians and reptiles in Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 11 (1): 131-132 - get paper here
  • Taylor, Nathan Caleb and Sean P. Graham. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Rena dissectus (New Mexico threadsnake). Herpetological Review 46 (4): 576 - get paper here
  • Taylor,E.H. 1939. On North American snakes of the genus Leptotyphlops. Copeia 1939 (1): 1-7 - get paper here
  • Taylor-Young, M. 2011. The Guide to Colorado Reptiles and Amphibians. Fulcrum Publishing, Golden, Colorado, 169 pp.
  • Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp.
  • Tennant, A. & Bartlett, R.D. 2000. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX, 588 pp.
  • Tepos-Ramírez M, Garduño-Fonseca FS, Peralta-Robles CA, García-Rubio OR, Cervantes Jiménez R 2023. Annotated checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Querétaro, Mexico, including new records, and comments on controversial species. Check List 19(2): 269-292 - get paper here
  • Terán-Juárez, Sergio A., Elí García Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 43–113 - get paper here
  • Tleimat, Jacquelyn M., Bintliff, Charles J., MacLaren, Andrew R., Forstner, Michael R. J. and McCracken, Shawn F. 2016. Geographic Distribution: Rena dulcis dulcis (Plains Blind Snake). Herpetological Review 47 (4): 631 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Weidler, J M 2019. Protected areas of Texas in relation to Texas reptiles. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 462-473 - get paper here
  • Werler, John E. & James R. Dixon 2000. Texas Snakes. University of Texas Press, 544 pages
  • Werning, Heiko 2012. Die Reptilien und Amphibien des Südwestens. Draco 13 (50): 18-60 - get paper here
  • WYMAN, J., T., A. E. BENNETT, D. J. CARHUFF, AND A. M. CONNOY 2020. Geographic Distribution: Rena dissecta (New Mexico Threadsnake). USA: Arizona: Santa Cruz Co. Herpetological Review 51: 548.
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:


Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator