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Rhampholeon boulengeri STEINDACHNER, 1911

IUCN Red List - Rhampholeon boulengeri - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Boulenger’s pygmy chameleon 
SynonymRhampholeon boulengeri STEINDACHNER 1911: 178
Rhampholeon boulengeri — SCHMIDT 1919: 595
Rhampholeon spectrum boulengeri — LOVERIDGE (fide WILD 1994)
Rhampholeon boulengeri — NECAS 1999: 258
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) boulengeri — MATTHEE et al. 2004
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) boulengeri — TILBURY 2010: 170
Rhampholeon (Rhinodigitum) boulengeri — GLAW 2015
Rhampholeon boulengeri — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 250
Rhampholeon boulengeri — HUGHES et al. 2024: 462 
DistributionBurundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, N/E Zaire (= Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Type locality: Hills NW of Tanganyika (Democratic Republic of the Congo).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: NMW 16000-2, male. Original Syntypes: NMW 16000: 1-3 (see discussion in Hughes et al. 2024).
Other specimens. UTEP 21715 (field no. EBG 1613) (Bichaka, 03.33872° S, 28.75595° E, 2100 m elevation), UTEP 21716 (field no. EBG 1700) (Bichaka, 03.3374° S, 28.78804° E, 2311 m elevation), UTEP 21717–21718 (field nos. EBG 1701–1702) (Kisakala, 03.3373° S, 28.78791° E, 2264 m elevation), UTEP 22684–22686 (field nos. DFH 4756–4758) (Mibengya, 03.46269° S, 28.58406° E, 2320 m elevation), UTEP 22687 (field no. DFH 4771) (Elumbulumbu, 03.44536° S, 28.56246° E, 2470 m elevation), UTEP 22688 (field no. DFH 4779) (Elumbulumbu, 03.44501° S, 28.56195° E, 2464 m elevation), DRC, South Kivu Province, Itombwe Plateau (9 specimens). 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (3763 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentNot listed for Tanzania by BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991 (but KLAVER & BÖHME 1997 give Tanzania). 
EtymologyNamed after George Albert Boulenger (1858-1937), herpetologist at the British Museum of Natural History, London. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Böhme, W. & Fischer 2000. Ein Bodenchamäleon (Rhampholeon spectrum) mit Pflanzenbewuchs: zweiter Nachweis von Moosen auf einem lebenden Wirbeltier. Herpetofauna 22 (129): 5-10 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • FISSEHA, MAKDA; JEAN MARIAUX, MICHELE MENEGON 2013. The “Rhampholeon uluguruensis complex” (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) and the taxonomic status of the pygmy chameleons in Tanzania. Zootaxa 3746 (3): 439–453 - get paper here
  • Gemel, R.; G. Gassner & S. Schweiger 2019. Katalog der Typen der Herpetologischen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien – 2018. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, B 121: 33–248
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • HUGHES, D. F., BEHANGANA, M., LUKWAGO, W., MENEGON, M., DEHLING, J. M., WAGNER, P., ... & GREENBAUM, E. 2024. Taxonomy of the Rhampholeon boulengeri Complex (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae): Five New Species from Central Africa’s Albertine Rift. Zootaxa 5458 (4): 451-494 - get paper here
  • Hughes, D.F. 2018. Comparative Phylogeography, Taxonomy, and Neuroanatomy of Montane Chameleons in the Albertine Rift, Central Africa. PhD Thesis, UT El Paso, - get paper here
  • Hughes, D.F., Tolley, K.A., Behangana, M., Lukwago, W., Menegon, M., Maximilian Dehling, J., Stipala, J., Tilbury, C.R., Khan, A.M., Kusamba, C., Greenbaum, E., 2017. Cryptic diversity in Rhampholeon boulengeri (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae), a pygmy chameleon from the Albertine Rift biodiversity hotspot. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here
  • Klaver, Ch. J.J. & Böhme,W. 1997. Chamaeleonidae. Das Tierreich, 112: XIV, 1-85
  • KVIFT, G.M. 2011. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONS: Rhampholeon boulengeri (Steindachner, 1911). African Herp News (54): 20-21 - get paper here
  • Leptien, R. 2003. Getting started keeping chameleons. Reptilia (GB) (26): 11-14 - get paper here
  • Leptien, R. 2006. Mimese und Abwehrverhalten bei Stummelschwanzchamäleons. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (60): 5-6 - get paper here
  • Lutzmann, Nicolá; Benoit Nzigidahera, Max Dehling, Eberhard Fischer, Onesphore Masabo, David Hellendrung, Uli Wagner, Walter Herwig, Armin Hummel, Ralph Lademann, Dominik & Natascha Rochna 2014. Chamäleons in Burundi und erste Daten zur Biologie aus der Terrarienhaltung. Draco 15 (58): 38-53 - get paper here
  • Mariaux, Jean and Colin R. Tilbury. 2006. The pygmy chameleons of the eastern Arc range (Tanzania): Evolutionary relationships and the description of three new species of Rhampholeon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae). The Herpetological Journal 16 (3): 315-331 - get paper here
  • Matthee, C.; Tilbury, C.R. & Townsend, T. 2004. A phylogenetic review of the African leaf chameleons: genus Rhampholeon (Chamaeleonidae): the role of vicariance and climate change in speciation. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) B271: 1967-1975 - get paper here
  • Menegon, M.; Salvidio, S. & Tilbury, C. 2002. A new dwarf chamaeleon from the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania, East Africa (Squamata: Rhampholeon Günther 1874). Journal of Herpetology 36 (1): 51-57 - get paper here
  • Menegon, Michele, Sebastiano Salvidio and David Moyer 2003. Reptiles and Amphibians of Nguu North Forest Reserve, Tanzania: A first contribution. African Herp News (36):2-8. - get paper here
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Stump-tailed Chameleons. Miniature Dragons of the Rainforest. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 256 pp. [review in Elaphe 14 (1): 24]
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Geheimnisvolle Mini-Drachen: Die Erd- und Stummelschwanzchamäleons der Gattungen Brookesia und Rhampholeon. Reptilia (Münster) 9 (48): 18-27 - get paper here
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Mysterious Mini-Dragons: the stump-tailed chameleons Brookesia and Rhampholeon. Reptilia (GB) (35): 10-21 - get paper here
  • Nečas, P. & Schmidt, W. 2004. Stummelschwanzchamäleons - Miniaturdrachen des Regenwalds. Die Gattungen Brookesia und Rhampholeon. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 255 pp. [review in Reptilia, Münster, 11 (5): 94]
  • Nečas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br>ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • Schmidt, Karl Patterson 1919. Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the Collection of the American Congo Expedition, 1909-1915. Part I: turtles, crocodiles, lizards, and chamaeleons. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 39 (2): 385-624 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, W.; Tamm, K. & Wallikewitz, E. 2010. Chamäleons - Drachen unserer Zeit. Natur und Tier Verlag, 328 pp. [review in Reptilia 101: 64, 2013] - get paper here
  • Spawls, S. & Rotich, D. 1997. An annotated checklist of the lizards of Kenya. J. East African Nat. Hist. 86: 61-83
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Steindachner, F. 1911. Vorläufiger Bericht über drei neue Arten aus der Familie Chamaeleontidae. Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien 10: 177-179.
  • Stipala, J. 2014. Mountain Dragons - In search of chameleon diversity in the highlands of Kenya. Jan Stipala, 124 pp., ISBN: 978-0-9928176-0-2 - get paper here
  • Tilbury, C. 2010. Chameleons of Africa: An Atlas, Including the Chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt M., 831 pp.
  • TILBURY, COLIN R. & KRYSTAL A. TOLLEY 2015. Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Albertine Rift: Two new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from an isolated montane forest, south eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Zootaxa 3905 (3): 345–364 - get paper here
  • Wild, C. 1994. Ecology of the western pygmy chameleon Rhampholeon spectrum BUCHHOLZ 1874 (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae). British Herpetological Society Bulletin (49): 29-35
 
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