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Rhinoclemmys diademata (MERTENS, 1954)

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Higher TaxaGeoemydidae (Rhinoclemmydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Maracaibo Wood Turtle 
SynonymGeoemyda punctularia diademata MERTENS 1954
Rhinoclemmys diademata — PRITCHARD 1979
Rhinoclemmys punctularia diademata — ERNST 1981
Rhinoclemmys punctularia diademata — PAOLILLO 1985
Rhinoclemmys punctularia diademata — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 183
Rhinoclemmys punctularia diademata — KING & BURKE 1989:
Rhinoclemmys diademata — OBST 2003: 18
Rhinoclemmys diademata — TTWG 2014
Rhinoclemmys diademata — TTWG 2021 
DistributionE Colombia, NW Venezuela (Caribbean drainage, Lake Maracaibo basin)

Type locality: ‘Maracay', Venezuela"; considered incorrect by Pritchard (1979:182). Maracay is not within the presently known range; see maps in Pritchard and Trebbau (1984:169-174, map 10) and Paolillo (1985).  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: SMF 48141 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (379 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentHybrids between Rhinoclemmys diademata and R. punctularia have been described by FRITZ (1995).

Pritchard (1979) and Pritchard and Trebbau (1984)
considered R. p. diademata a separate species based on
its allopatric range and lack of intergrades with R. p
punctularia, but Ernst (1978) and Paolillo O. (1985)
thought it merely a subspecies since only the dorsal
head pattern differs, and, since some R. p. punctularia
have their dorsal stripes united behind the orbits (the
lunata pattern), the diademata head pattern could
easily be formed from that of punctularia. Determina-
tion of the karyotype of diademata would help deter-
mine its status. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin diademata, crowned; wearing a diadem; adorned w/diadem [“...Eine Rasse von Geoemyda punctularia, durch eine mehr oder weniger symmetrische Figur von zitronengelber Farbe auf der Kopfoberseite hinter den Augen von allen übrigen Rassen verschieden...”]. (from Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., May 2024) 
References
  • Armesto, Orlando; Aldemar A. Acevedo, Arley Gallardo, Rosmery Franco 2014. Rhinoclemmys diademata (Mertens 1954). Catálogo de Anfibios y Reptiles de Colombia 2 (1): 47-52 - get paper here
  • Ernst, C. H. 1981. Rhinoclemmys punctularia. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 276: 1-2. - get paper here
  • Ernst, C.H. 1978. A revision of the Neotropical turtle genus Callopsis (Testudines: Emydidae: Batagurinae). Herpetologica 34: 113-134. - get paper here
  • Fritz, U. 1995. Schildkröten-Hybriden. 2. Halsberger-Schildkröten (Cryptodira). Herpetofauna 17 (95): 19-34 - get paper here
  • Fuchs, Gerald. 2016. Erfolgreiche Haltung und Nachzucht der Maracaibo-Diademschildkröte (Rhinoclemmys diademata Mertens, 1954). Radiata 25 (1): 15-22
  • Mertens, R. 1954. Zur Kenntnis der Schildkrötenfauna Venezuela. Senckenbergiana Biologica 35:3-7.
  • Mertens, R. 1967. Die herpetologische Sektion des Natur-Museums und Forschungs-Institutes Senckenberg in Frankfurt am Main nebst einem Verzeichnis ihrer Typen. Senckenbergiana Biologica 48: 1-106 - get paper here
  • Methner, K., & Wicker, R. 1982. Zum Vorkommen von Rhinoclemmys punctularia in Kolumbien (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae). Salamandra 18 (3-4): 300-304 - get paper here
  • Obst, F.J. 2003. Sumpfschildkröten. Draco 4 (13): 4-18 - get paper here
  • Paolillo O., A. 1985. Description of a new subspecies of the turtle Rhinoclemmys punctularia (Daudin) (Testudines: Emydidae) from southern Venezuela. Amphibia-Reptilia 6: 293-305. - get paper here
  • Pritchard, P.C.H. 1979. Encyclopedia of Turtles. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune, New Jersey: 895 p.
  • Pritchard, P.C.H., and P. Trebbau. 1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. SSAR Contributions to Herpetology 2: viii + 402 pp.
  • Rivas Fuenmayor, Gilson, William P. McCord, Tito R. Barros and Cesar Luis Barrio Amorós. 2007. Rhinoclemmys diademata (Mertens, 1954), or "Galápago de Maracaibo" (Testudines; Geoemydidae): an unprotected turtle in the Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela. Radiata 16(1):16-23
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • TTWG [Peter Paul van Dijk, John B. Iverson, Anders G.J. Rhodin, H. Bradley Shaffer, and Roger Bour] 2014. Turtles of the World, 7th Edition: Annotated Checklist of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution with Maps, and Conservation Status. 000.v7. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 5, doi:10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v7.2014 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
  • VARGAS-RAMÍREZ, MARIO, JOHN L. CARR, UWE FRITZ 2013. Complex phylogeography in Rhinoclemmys melanosterna: conflicting mitochondrial and nuclear evidence suggests past hybridization (Testudines: Geoemydidae). Zootaxa 3670: 238–254 - get paper here
 
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