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Rhynchocalamus levitoni (TORKI, 2017)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymLytorhynchus levitoni TORKI 2017
Rhynchocalamus ilamensis FATHINIA, RASTEGAR-POUYANI, RASTEGAR-POUYANI & DARVISHNIA 2017
Rhynchocalamus levitoni — RAJABIZADEH 2018 
DistributionSW Iran (Illam)

Type locality: 1200-1400 m a.s.l. on the western slope of the Kabi-Koh mountains, Abdanan region, Illam Province, south- western Iran (33°02’N, 47°18’E).

ilamensis: Iran (Ilam Province); Type locality: Bina & Bijar No-hunting area (33.640668N, 46.038949E, 724 m asl), Ilam Province, Iran  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MTD 49319, Adult male, leg. F. Torki on 31.v.2016, The specimen has been marked MTD (Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, Germany), where it will be deposited.
Holotype: YUZM-CRh.1: road-kill, adult male, collected on June 6th 2011. Paratypes: YUZM-CRh.2: adult female, collected at Dinaar-Kooh preserved area (32.948156N, 47.333236E, 1383 m asl), Abdanan, Ilam Province, Iran on August 3rd, 2013.
YUZM-CRh.3: juvenile, collected at Dinaar-Kooh preserved area (32.952591N, 47.344166E, 1180 m asl), Abdanan, Ilam Province, Iran on August 3rd, 2013 [ilamensis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A species of the genus Lytorhynchus, characterised by (1) rostral truncate, (2) high number of ventral and subcaudal scales (227, 69), (3) 1 preocular, 1 postocular, and temporals 1+1, (4) 15 longitudinal rows of dorsal scales at midbody, (5) without pattern on dorsal or ventral portions of body and tail except for one V-shaped band on neck and dark markings on the head.


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CommentSynonymy: Rajabizadeh 2018 synonymized Rhynchocalamus ilamensis with Lytorhynchus levitoni.

Habitat (ilamensis): limestone western foothills of the Zagros Mountains. Habitat cover is made of annual to perennial plants such as Gramineae (annual grasses), bushes and shrubs (Capparidaceae: Capparis spinosa, Cleome oxypetala; Caryophyllaceae: Gypsophyla linearifolia, G. pallida; Chenopodiaceae: Halocharis sulphurea, Noaea mucronata, Salsola imbricate; Compositae: Achillea conferta; Rosaceae: Amygdalus arabica), and sparse trees (Quercus brantii and Pistachia atlantica).

Sympatry (ilamensis: Agamidae: Laudakia nupta, Trapelus ruderatus; Lacertidae: Ophisops elegans, Acanthodactylus boskianus; Eublepharidae: Eublepharis angramainyu; Gekkonidae: Hemidactylus persicus, Mediodactylus heteropholis, M. ilamensis; Phyllodactylidae: Asaccus elisae; Scincidae: Ablepharus panonicus, Heremites auratus; Varanidae: Varanus nesterovi; Typhlopidae: Xerotyphlops vermicularis; Leptotyphlopidae: Myriopholis macrorhyncha; Boidae: Eryx jaculus; Colubridae: Eirenis persicus, E. punctatolineatus, E. coronelloides, Hemorhois ravergieri, Platyceps rhodorachis, Spalerosophis microlepis, Malpolon insignitus, Psammophis schokari, Telescopus tessellatus; Elapidae: Walterinnesia morgani; Viperidae: Macrovipera lebetina, Pseudocerastes persicus, P. urarachnoides. 
EtymologyThe species name honours Professor Alan E. Leviton for his great contribution to herpetology in the Middle East.

R. ilamensis was named after Ilam Province in Iran. 
References
  • FATHINIA, BEHZAD; ESKANDAR RASTEGAR-POUYANI, NASRULLAH RASTEGAR-POUYANI, HAMID DARVISHNIA 2017. A new species of the genus Rhynchocalamus Günther, 1864 (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) from Ilam province in western Iran. Zootaxa 4282 (3): - get paper here
  • Kamali, Kamran 2020. A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Iran. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (www.chimaira.de). 574 pp.
  • Rajabizadeh, M. 2018. Snakes of Iran. [in Farsi] Tehran: Iranshenasi, 496 pp. [2017 ?] - get paper here
  • Torki, Farhang 2017. Description of a new species of Lytorhynchus (Squamata: Colubridae) from Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 63 (2): 109, DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2017.1299319 - get paper here
 
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