You are here » home › advanced search › search results › Salvadora hexalepis

Salvadora hexalepis (COPE, 1867)

IUCN Red List - Salvadora hexalepis - Least Concern, LC
iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Salvadora hexalepis?

Add your own observation of
Salvadora hexalepis »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesSalvadora hexalepis mojavensis BOGERT 1945
Salvadora hexalepis hexalepis (COPE 1867)
Salvadora hexalepis klauberi BOGERT 1945
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea BOGERT 1936 
Common NamesE: Western Patchnose Snake
G: Westliche Pflasternasennatter
mojavensis: Mojave Patchnose Snake
hexalepis: Desert Patchnose Snake
klauberi: Klauber’s Patchnose Snake
virgultea: Coast Patchnose Snake
S: Cabestrillo 
SynonymPhimothyra hexalepis COPE 1867: 304
Salvadora grahamiae var. hexalepis — GARMAN 1884: 39
Salvadora grahamiae hexalepis — STEJNEGER 1893: 205
Salvadora hexalepis — STEJNEGER 1902: 154
Salvadora grahamiae hexalepis — TAYLOR 1938: 492
Salvadora hexalepis — STEBBINS 1985: 184
Salvadora hexalepis — LINER 1994
Salvadora hexalepis hexalepis — LINER 2007
Salvadora hexalepis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 660
Salvadora hexalepis — HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021

Salvadora hexalepis klauberi BOGERT 1945
Salvadora hexalepis klauberi — CLIFF 1954
Salvadora hexalepis klauberi — LEVITON & BANTA 1964
Salvadora hexalepis klauberi — LINER 2007
Salvadora hexalepis klauberi — HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021

Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis BOGERT 1945
Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis — BRADLEY & DEACON 1966
Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis — LOOMIS & STEPHENS 1967
Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis — CROTHER 2000
Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis — CROTHER et al. 2012
Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis — HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021

Salvadora hexalepis virgultea BOGERT 1935
Salvadora grahamiae virgultea BOGERT 1935
Salvadora grahamiae virgultea — SMITH 1939: 318
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea — SCHMIDT 1940
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea — CROTHER 2000
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea — LINER 2007
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea — CROTHER et al. 2012
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea — THOMSON et al. 2016
Salvadora hexalepis virgultea — HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021 
DistributionUSA (S California, Nevada, Arizona, S New Mexico, SW Texas, Utah),
Mexico (Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa)

hexalepis: USA (Arizona); Type locality: Fort Whipple, Arizona

klauberi: Mexico (Baja California); Type locality: Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico.

mojavensis: USA (California); Type locality: Deadman Point, 11.5 miles south-east of Victorville, at the south end of the Granite Mountains in San Bernardino County, California.

virgultea: USA, Mexico (California, NW Baja California); Type locality: Deerhorn Flat, San Diego County, Calif.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 7894
Holotype: SDNHM = SDSNH 12025 [virgultea]
Holotype: SDNHM = SDSNH 20912; paratypes SDNHM = SDSNH [klauberi]
Holotype: AMNH 63000, Paratype: SDNHM = SDSNH, BYU [mojavensis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Well-developed rostral scale with free lateral edges; normally 9 supralabials, or occasionally 8 or 10; supralabials in contact with the eye, usually only sixth is in contact; 10–11 infralabials; preocular divided; loreal scale normally divided; prenasal scale separated from the second supralabial; a second pair of chinshields separated by two rows of scales; ventral scales 180–213; subcaudal scales vary from 75 to 103; maxillary teeth 10–12 + 3. With the exception of S. hexalepis virgultea, the dark dorsolateral lines are normally separated from the lateral lines at the level of the third and fourth rows of dorsal scales; tail length is 20 to 26% of the total body length.
Salvadora hexalepis differs at the species level from the other species in the grahamiae group by having a divided preocular, fewer than 113 subcaudals, and a tail length less than 29% of the total length. It differs from S. grahamiae, S. intermedia, S. gymnorhachis and S. bairdi by having 9 to 10 supralabials, the sixth in contact with the eye versus 8 supralabials present in the other species in the grahamiae group. It differs from S. deserticola by having a divided loreal and 75–103 subcaudals (HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021).


Additional details (2054 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSubspecies: Salvadora hexalepis deserticola has been elevated to valid species. Recognition of the species S. deserticola was made without justification by Bogert and Degenhardt (1961). Bogert (1945), describes characters justifying the distrinction and states that there are no intergrades.

Distribution: See map in HERNÁNDEZ-JIMÉNEZ et al. 2021: Fig. 9. For map of California see Thomson et al. 2016: 280. 
EtymologyFrom the Latin ‘hexa’ for ‘six’ and ‘lepis’ for ‘scale’, which can be interpreted as six-sided scales.

klauberi: named after Laurence Monroe Klauber, American herpetologist.

virgultea: From the Latin ‘virgultus’, meaning ‘covered with scrub’, for the habitat in which the taxon occurs.

mojavensis: named after the Mojave Desert. 
References
  • Axtell, Ralph W. 1959. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE BLACK GAP WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA, BREWSTER COUNTY, TEXAS. Southwestern Naturalist 4 (2): 88-109
  • Bezy, Robert L. and Charles J. Cole 2014. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Madrean Archipelago of Arizona and New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (3810): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Bogert, C. M. 1935. Salvadora grahamiae virgultea, a new sub- species of the patch-nosed snake. Bull. S. California Acad. Sci.,Vol. 34 (1): 88-94
  • Bogert, Charles M. 1945. Two additional races of the patch-nosed snake, Salvadora hexalepis. American Museum Novitates (1285): 1-14 - get paper here
  • Bogert, Charles M.; Degenhardt, William G. 1961. An addition to the fauna of the United States, the Chihuahua Ridge-nosed rattlesnake in New Mexico. American Museum Novitates (2064): 1-15 - get paper here
  • Bradley, W. Glen and James E. Deacon 1966. Amphibian and Reptile Records for Southern Nevada. Southwestern Naturalist 11 (1): 132-134 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G.; Doria, C.T. & Wigge, J. 2003. Snakes of Zambia. An Atlas and Field Guide. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 280 pp. [review in Sauria 26 (3): 21]
  • Bury, R.B. 1968. Occurrence of Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis in Lassen County, California Journal of Herpetology 2 (3/4): 168. - get paper here
  • Cameron, Scott;Hansen, Robert W. 1994. Salvadora hexalepis (western patchnose snake). USA: California. Herpetological Review 25 (1): 34-35 - get paper here
  • Cliff, Frank S. 1954. Snakes of the islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 12 (5): 67-98 - get paper here
  • Conant,R. & Collins,J.T. 1991. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America, 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin (Boston/New York), xx + 450 p.
  • Cope, E.D. 1867. On the REPTILIA and BATRACHIA of the Sonoran Province of the Nearctic Region. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18 [1866]: 300-314 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Degenhardt, William G.; C. W. Painter, and A. H. Price 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of New Mexico. Univ. New Mexico Press, 431 pp.
  • Dixon, James R. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Texas, second edition. Texas A&M University Press, 421 pp.
  • Enderson, Erik F.; Thomas R. Van Devender, Robert L. Bezy 2014. Amphibians and reptiles of Yécora, Sonora and the Madrean Tropical Zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental in northwestern Mexico. Check List 10 (4): 913-926 - get paper here
  • FLESCH, AARON D.; DON E. SWANN, DALE S. TURNER, AND BRIAN F. POWELL 2010. HERPETOFAUNA OF THE RINCON MOUNTAINS, ARIZONA. Southwestern Naturalist 55(2):240–253 - get paper here
  • Garman, Samuel 1884. The reptiles and batrachians of North America. Mem. Mus. comp. Zool, Cambridge (Massachusetts), 8 (3): xxxiv + 185 pp. [1883] [CNAH reprint 10] - get paper here
  • Gatica-Colima, A. & Córdova-Reza, N. 2012. Salvadora hexalepis deserticola (Big Bend Patchnosed snake) diet. Herpetological Review 43: 350-351 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. L.; McGuire, J. A.; Hollingsworth, B. D. 1994. A report on the herpetofauna of the Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California, Mexico, with a discussion of its biogeographic and taxonomic implications. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci. 93 (2): 45-80
  • HARPER, RACHEL LEE & JEFFREY M. LEMM. 2022. SALVADORA HEXALEPIS VIRGULTEA (Coast Patch-nosed Snake). DIET. Herpetological Review 53 (3): 519–520.
  • Hazard, Lisa C. 2013. Salvadora hexalepis (western patch-nosed snake) foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 44 (2): 334-335 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hernández-Jiménez, C. A., Flores-Villela, O., Aguilar-Bremauntz, A., & Campbell, J. A. 2021. Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 764: 85-118 - get paper here
  • Jacobson, E.R. & W.G. Whitford 1971. Physiological Responses to Temperature in the Patch-Nosed Snake, Salvadora hexalepis Herpetologica 27 (3): 289-295. - get paper here
  • Kunz, K. 2015. Dauerbrenner im Terrarium: Nattern. Reptilia (Münster) 20 (115): 18-27 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico with a conservation status summary and comparisons with neighboring states. ZooKeys 931: 85-114 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here
  • Leviton, Alan E.; Banta, Benjamin H. 1964. Midwinter reconnaissance of the herpetofauna of the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 30 (7): 127-156 - get paper here
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Loomis, Richard B.;Stephens, Robert C. 1967. Additional notes on snakes taken in or near Joshua Tree National Monument, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 66 (1): 1-22 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W., Copp, J.F., & Breedlove, D.E. 1976. Notes on the herpetofauna of western Mexico: new records from Sinaloa and the Tres Marias Islands. Contributions in Science, Los Angeles (275): 1-17 - get paper here
  • Montero-Quintana, A N; Marrón, G; Scheidt, V & Hollingsworth, B D; 2019. Geographic Distribution: Salvadora hexalepis (Western Patch-nosed Snake) Mexico: Baja California Sur: Municipality of Loreto. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 531 - get paper here
  • Myers, E. A., Hickerson, M. J. and Burbrink, F. T. 2016. Asynchronous diversification of snakes in the North American warm deserts. J. Biogeogr.. doi:10.1111/jbi.12873 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142
  • Schmidt,K.P. 1940. Notes on Texan snakes of the genus Salvadora. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Zool. Series 24 (12): 143-150 - get paper here
  • SHEDD, J. D 2020. Geographic Distribution: Salvadora hexalepis mojavensis (Mohave Patch-Nosed Snake). USA: California: San Luis Obispo Co. Herpetological Review 51: 548.
  • Smith, Hobart M. 1939. An annotated list of the Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 27: 311-320
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Stejneger, L. 1902. The reptiles of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 25 [1902]: 149-158 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, L.H. 1893. Annotated list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the Death Valley Expedition in 1891, with descriptions of new species. North American Fauna, No. 7: 159-228 (+ 14 plates + 4 maps) - get paper here
  • Sullivan, Brian K. and Weinstein, Scott A. 2017. Foraging and prey handling in the Western Patch-nosed Snake (Salvadora hexalepis), and consideration of venom use in non-front-fanged colubroid snakes. Herpetological Review 48 (1): 19-25 - get paper here
  • Tanner, Wilmer W. 1954. Herpetological notes concerning some reptiles of Utah and Arizona. Herpetologica 10: 92-96 - get paper here
  • Tanner, Wilmer W. 1985. Snakes of Western Chihuahua. Great Basin Naturalist 45 (4): 615-676 - get paper here
  • Taylor, Edward Harrison 1938. Notes on the herpetological fauna of the Mexican state of Sonora. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 24 (19): 475-503 [1936] - get paper here
  • Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America - Eastern and Central Regions, revised edition. Lone Star Books, 605 pp.
  • Thomson, Robert C.; Amber N. Wright & H. Bradley Shaffer 2016. California Amphibian and Reptile Species of Special Concern. University of California Press - get paper here
  • Van Denburgh,J. and Slevin,J.R. 1921. A list of the amphibians and reptiles of Nevada, with notes on the species in the collection of the academy. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (4) 11 (2): 27-38 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Webb, R.G. 1984. Herpetogeography in the Mazatlán-Durango Region of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Vetrebrate Ecology and Systematics - A ribute to Henry S. Fitch; Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, pp. 217-241
  • Werning, Heiko 2012. Die Reptilien und Amphibien des Südwestens. Draco 13 (50): 18-60 - get paper here
  • Williams, Kenneth L. 1960. Taxonomic notes on Arizona herpetozoa. Southwestern Naturalist 5 (1): 25-36 - get paper here
  • Zweifel,R.G. and Norris,K.S. 1955. Contributions to the herpetology of Sonora, Mexico:Descriptions of new subspecies of snakes (Micruroides euryxanthus and Lampropeltis getulus) and miscellaneous collecting notes. American Midland Naturalist 54: 230-249 - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Salvadora&species=hexalepis

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator