Scaphiodontophis venustissimus (GÜNTHER, 1894)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Sibynophiinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Common Neckband Snake
Synonym	Henicognathus venustissimus GÜNTHER 1894: 144 Henicognathus venustissimus — GÜNTHER 1895 Polyodontophis venustissimus — ANDERSSON 1916: 26 Sibynophis zeteki DUNN 1930: 329 Scaphiodontophis zeteki — TAYLOR & SMITH 1943: 317 Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — TAYLOR & SMITH 1943: 309 Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — TAYLOR 1951: 35 Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — TAYLOR 1954: 684 Sibynophis venustissimus — MERTENS 1956: 544 Scaphiodontophis zeteki zeteki — ROZE 1969 Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 271 Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — HENDERSON 1982 Scaphiodontophis zeteki — ALVAREZ DEL TORO 1982 Scaphiodontophis annulatus zeteki — SMITH et al. 1986 Scaphiodontophis annulatus venustissimus — SMITH et al. 1986 Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — MCCRANIE 2006 Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 663 Scaphiodontophis venustissimus — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023
Distribution	Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia Type locality: Hacienda Santa Rosa de Jericho, 3250 ft. elevation, Matagalpa, Nicaragua.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Types: BMNH 1946.1.1.35-36 (and possibly additional specimens).
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (31 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Synonymy: S. venustissimus was synonymized with Scaphiodontophis annulatus by SMITH et al. 1986 but revalidated by McCranie 2006. Synonymy of Sibynophis zeteki with S. venustissimus fide Wallach et al. 2014 who also consider dugandi as a synonym of venustissimus (both were previously considered as a synonym of Scaphiodontophis annulatus).
Etymology	From the Latin venustus (beautiful) in allusion to the bold complex colour pattern.
References	Andersson, L.G. 1916. Notes on the reptiles and batrachians in the Zoological Museum at Gothenburg with an account of some new species. Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskap och Vitter Hets-Samnalles Hndlingar Sjatte Foljden (Series B, 4) 17 (5) [ = Meddelanden fran Göteborgs Musei Zoologiska Afdelning, No. 9]: 1-41 Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here Henderson R W 1982. An unusually patterned Scaphiodontophis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Costa Rica. Brenesia 19-20: 359-362 Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp. McCranie J R 2011. The snakes of Honduras. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 725 pp. McCranie, J. R. 2009. Amphibians and Reptiles of Honduras. Listas Zoológicas Actualizadas UCR. Museo de Zoología UCR. San Pedro, Costa Rica. Last Actualization on November 12, 2009 - get paper here McCranie, James R. 2006. Northeastern Honduras and the Systematics of the Colubrid Snake Scaphiodontophis. Carib. J. Sci. 42 (1): 136-138 McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here Pérez-Santos, C. E. 1986. Zoogeografía de los Ophidia en Colombia. Univ. Complutense, Madrid, 2 vols., 971 pp. Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp. Ray, Julie M. and Patty Ruback 2015. Updated checklists of snakes for the provinces of Panamá and Panamá Oeste, Republic of Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (2): 168-188 - get paper here Restrepo A, Molina-Zuluaga C, Hurtado JP, Marín CM, Daza JM 2017. Amphibians and reptiles from two localities in the northern Andes of Colombia. Check List 13 (4): 203-237 - get paper here Savage J M; Slowinski J B 1996. Evolution of coloration, urotomy and coral snake mimicry in the snake genus Scaphiodontophis (Serpentes: Colubridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 57 (2): 129-194 - get paper here Smith, H.M.; Fitzgerald, K.; Pérez-Higareda, G. & D. Chiszar 1986. Taxonomic Rearrangement of the Snakes of the genus Scaphiodontophis. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 22 (4): 159-166 - get paper here Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here Taylor, Edward H. & Smith, Hobart M. 1943. A review of American Sibynophine snakes, with a proposal of a new genus. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 29 (6): 301-337 - get paper here Taylor,E.H. 1951. A brief review ot the snakes of Costa Rica. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 34 (1): 3-188 - get paper here Taylor,E.H. 1954. Further studies on the serpents of Costa Rica. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 36: 673-800. - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/bca/navigation/bca_04_00_00/bca… Google images

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