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Sceloporus geminus CAMPILLO-GARCÍA, FLORES-VILLELA, BUTLER, BENABIB, CASTIGLIA, 2023

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Higher TaxaPhrynosomatidae, Sceloporinae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymSceloporus geminus CAMPILLO-GARCÍA, FLORES-VILLELA, BUTLER, BENABIB, CASTIGLIA 2023: 5
Sceloporus torquatus melanogaster — TAYLOR 1953: 1597 (part)
Sceloporus torquatus — OLSON 1990: 118 (part)
Sceloporus torquatus — DIXON & LEMOS-ESPINAL 2010: 413
Sceloporus torquatus — RAMÍREZ-BAUTISTA et al. 2015: 119
Sceloporus torquatus — LEMOS-ESPINAL & DIXON 2016: 654 (photo 182)
Sceloporus torquatus madrensis — OLSON 1991: 38
Sceloporus madrensis south — CAMPILLO-GARCÍA et al. 2021: 784 
DistributionMexico (San Luis Potosí)

Type locality: Mexico: San Luis Potosí: municipality of Xilitla: El Retén, 21.293685 N, −99.10104 W, 1537 m elevation.  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: MZFC 35679 an adult male (fig. 2), collected on a rock fence along highway Mex. 120 by first author on September 27, 2019 at 11:30 am, in oak forest, original field number OFV 2043.
Paratypes (12): MVZ 78282-83 two adult females (Mexico: Hidalgo: municipality of Zimapán: 17 mi SW Jacala, via Mex. 85, 20.878566 N, −99.236749 W, 2042 m, collected by Richard D. Sage on July 12, 1964 in pine forest). MZFC 35673-77 a juvenile female, two adult males, adult female and juvenile female, respectively, OFV 2029 an adult female skeletonized (Mexico: Querétaro: municipality of San Joaquín, centro ecoturistico Valle Alegre, 20.919085 N, −99.57673 W, 2426 m, collected on a rocky wall by first author, on September 26, 2019 at 12:10 pm, in a pine forest, original field numbers OFV 2020, 2026, 2027, 2028, 2031, respectively); MZFC 35678 a juvenile female (Mexico: Querétaro: municipality of Landa de Matamoros: parador Santa Martha, 21.264593 N, −99.167372 W, 1643 m, collected on a rock along highway Mex. 120 by first author on September 27, 2019 at 11:30 am, in oak forest, original field number OFV 2042); MVZ 129262-63 two adult males (Mexico: Querétaro: municipality of Landa de Matamoros 1.5-1.8 miles W of the Tres Lagunas cut off along Mex. Hwy. 120, 21.262684 N, −99.175968 W, 1626 m, collected on May 4, 1975 by Allen R. Greer in pine forest); MVZ 186504 an adult male (Mexico: Querétaro: municipality of Landa de Matamoros: 8.2 km (rd) NW Madroño on dirt rd. to Tres Lagu-
nas, 21.305503 N, −99.182098 W, 1925 m, collected on August 23, 1979 by Stephen D. Busack and James F. Lynch in pine forest). MZFC 35681 an adult male (Mexico: San Luis Potosí: municipality of Xilitla: La Mora, 21.30423 N, −99.08791 W, 1449 m, collected by first author on a rock, on September 27, 2019 at 12:00 pm, in oak forest, original field number OFV 2045); OFV 2044 an adult male skeletonized (same data as holotype). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: This new species can be distinguished from the other closely related taxa in the Sierra Madre Oriental clade of the Sceloporus torquatus complex by the combination of the following characteristics: 24-29 (X = 27) dorsal scales [26-31 (X = 29) in S. madrensis]; 30-38 (X = 32) scales around midbody [34-41 (X = 36) in S. madrensis, 31-43 (X = 35) in S. mikeprestoni]; 40-48 (X = 44) ventral scales [44-56 (X = 49) in S. madrensis, 38-43 (X = 40) in S. binocularis]; 26-35 (X = 30) total femoral pores [26-32 (X = 27) in S. binocularis, 25-32 (X = 28) in S. mikeprestoni]; 4-5 (X = 4) scales between femoral pores [4-7 (X = 6) in S. binocularis; 5-8 (X = 6) in S. madrensis, 4-8 (X = 6) in S. mikeprestoni]; 7-10 (X = 8) supralabials (8 in S. binocularis); maximum SVL = 108.6 mm (119.8 mm in S. binocularis, 102.7 mm in S. madrensis, 101.9 mm in S. mikeprestoni). Dark nuchal collar complete (generally incomplete in S. binocularis), with the anterior light borders dorsolaterally extended over the neck (light borders parallel to the dark nuchal collar in S. mikeprestoni). Males with ventrolateral patches separated or in contact at mid-venter (separated in S. mikeprestoni); females with faint ventrolateral patches (contrasting ventrolateral patches in S. madrensis); colouration on the flanks of the body similar to the dorsum (colouration of the flanks of the body similar to the ventrolateral patches in S. madrensis); supralabial, preocular, and postocular lines faintly marked (contrasting light lines on the flanks of the head in S. binocularis, S. mikeprestoni, and S. madrensis); contrasting light and dark marks scattered on dorsum of the body and base of the tail (absent in S. binocularis and S. mikeprestoni); males lacking brightly orange colouration on dorsum (brightly orange colouration present on dorsum in S. binocularis); colouration of the head paler than the nuchal collar (colouration of the head similar to the nuchal collar in S. mikeprestoni and S. madrensis); nuchal collar delimited posteriorly by a narrow light border one scale wide (posterior light border of the nuchal collar absent in S. binocularis). (Campillo-García et al. 2023)


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CommentThe zoobank link provided by CAMPILLO-GARCÍA et al. 2023 is nonfunctional and there is no registration to be found in Zoobank (19 Feb 2024). 
EtymologyNamed after the Latin geminus, an adjective, meaning ‘twin’, in reference to the taxon’s parallel similarities with S. madrensis in morphology and distribution along the Sierra Madre Oriental. 
References
  • Campillo-García G, Flores-Villela O, Butler BO, Velasco Vinasco JA, Ramírez Corona F 2021. Hidden diversity within a polytypic species: The enigmatic Sceloporus torquatus Wiegmann, 1828 (Reptilia, Squamata, Phrynosomatidae. Vertebrate Zoology 71: 781-798 - get paper here
  • Campillo-García, G., Flores-Villela, O. A., Butler, B. O., Benabib, M., & Castiglia, R. 2023. More cryptic diversity among spiny lizards of the Sceloporus torquatus complex discovered through a multilocus approach. Amphibia-Reptilia, 1(aop), 1-15 - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Queretaro, Mexico. Tlalnepantla UNAM, 428 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2016. Amphibians and Reptiles of Hidalgo, Mexico. CONABIO, 763 pp. - get paper here
  • Olson, R. Earl 1990. Sceloporus torquatus: its variation and zoogeography. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 25: 117-127 - get paper here
  • Olson, R.E. 1991. Sceloporus torquatus madrensis in San Luis Potosi Mexico Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 27(1): 38-39. - get paper here
  • Ramírez-Bautista, Aurelio, Uriel Hernández-Salinas, Raciel Cruz-Elisade, Christian Berriozabal-Islas, Daniel Lara-Tufiño, Irene Goyenechea Mayer-Goenechea, and Jesús M. Castillo-Cerón 2015. Los Anfibios y Reptiles de Hidalgo, México: Diversidad, Biogeografía y Conservación. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xiii + 387 pp.
  • Taylor,E.H. 1953. Fourth contribution to the herpetology of San Luis Potosí. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 35 (13): 1587-1614 - get paper here
 
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