Sceloporus undulatus (BOSC & DAUDIN, 1801)

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Higher Taxa	Phrynosomatidae, Sceloporinae; Iguania, Sauria (lizards)
Subspecies	Sceloporus undulatus edbelli SMITH, CHISZAR & LEMOS-ESPINAL 1995 Sceloporus undulatus elongatus STEJNEGER 1890: 111 Sceloporus undulatus erythrocheilus MASLIN 1956 Sceloporus undulatus garmani BOULENGER 1882 Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus (GREEN 1818) Sceloporus undulatus speari SMITH, CHISZAR, LEMOS-ESPINAL 1995 Sceloporus undulatus tedbrowni SMITH, BELL, APPLEGARTH & CHISZAR 1992 Sceloporus undulatus undulatus (BOSC & DAUDIN 1801)
Common Names	Fence Lizard belli: Bell's spiny lizard elongatus: Northern Plateau Lizard erythrocheilus: Red-lipped Plateau Lizard garmani : Northern Prairie Lizard hyacinthinus: Northern Fence Lizard speari: Spear's Prairie Lizard tedbrowni: Mescalero Prairie Lizard, Mescalero Dunes Fence Lizard undulatus: Southern Fence Lizard, Eastern Fence Lizard
Synonym	Stellio undulatus BOSC & DAUDIN in SONNINI & LATREILLE 1801 Lacerta undulata BOSC 1801 Stellio undulatus LATREILLE 1801: 40 (fide LINER 1994) Agama undulata DAUDIN 1802: 384 (fide DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837) Tropidolepis Undulatus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 298 Tropidolepis Undulatus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 270 Sceloporus floridanus BAIRD 1859: 254 Sceloporus undulatus — BOULENGER 1885: 227 Sceloporus spinosus floridanus — ALLEN 1932 Sceloporus undulatus undulatus — SMITH 1938 Sceloporus undulatus — STEBBINS 1985: 131 Sceloporus undulatus — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 106 Sceloporus undulatus — LINER 1994 Sceloporus undulatus undulatus — BELL et al. 2003 Sceloporus undulatus edbelli SMITH, CHISZAR & LEMOS-ESPINAL 1995 Sceloporus undulatus belli SMITH, CHISZAR & LEMOS-ESPINAL 1995 Sceloporus belli — SMITH et al. 2002 Sceloporus edbelli — SMITH et al. 2003 (nom. nov.) Sceloporus edbelli — BELL et al. 2003 Sceloporus edbelli — LEMOS-ESPINAL & SMITH 2007 Sceloporus undulatus elongatus STEJNEGER 1890: 111 Sceloporus graciosus elongatus — BURT 1933 Sceloporus undulatus (exerge tristichus) elongatus — SMITH et al. 1992 Sceloporus undulatus elongatus — CROTHER 2000 Sceloporus undulatus elongatus — BELL et al. 2003 Sceloporus undulatus erythrocheilus MASLIN 1956 Sceloporus undulatus (exerge tristichus) erythrocheilus — SMITH et al. 1992 Sceloporus undulatus erythrocheilus — CROTHER 2000 Sceloporus undulatus erythrocheilus — BELL et al. 2003 Sceloporus undulatus garmani BOULENGER 1882 Sceloporus undulatus (exerge consobrinus) garmani — SMITH et al. 1992 Sceloporus undulatus garmani — CROTHER 2000 Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus (GREEN 1818) Lacerta hyacinthina GREEN 1818: 349. Lacerta fasciata GREEN 1818: 349 Lopherpes dicyanelus RAFINESQUE 1832: 143-144 (fide SCHMIDT 1953) Stellio dicyanelus RAFINESQUE 1832: 143-144 (fide SCHMIDT 1953) Sceloporus thayerii BAIRD & GIRARD 1852: 127 (fide BELL et al. 2003) Sceloporus thayerii BOCOURT 1874 (fide SMITH 1939) Sceloporus undulatus thayerii — TAYLOR 1929: 64 Sceloporus undulatus (exerge undulatus) hyacinthinus — SMITH et al. 1992 Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus — CROTHER 2000 Sceloporus undulatus speari SMITH, CHISZAR, LEMOS-ESPINAL 1995 Sceloporus undulatus speari — BELL et al. 2003 Sceloporus undulatus tedbrowni SMITH, BELL, APPLEGARTH & CHISZAR 1992 Sceloporus undulatus (exerge consobrinus) tedbrowni — SMITH et al. 1992 Sceloporus undulatus tedbrowni — CROTHER 2000 Sceloporus undulatus tedbrowni — BELL et al. 2003 Sceloporus undulatus undulatus (BOSC & DAUDIN 1801) Sceloporus undulatus undulatus — ALLEN 1932 Sceloporus undulatus (exerge undulatus) undulatus — SMITH et al. 1992 Sceloporus undulatus undulatus — CROTHER 2000
Distribution	USA (Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, S Wyoming, S South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Mississippi, S Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, S Illinois, S Indiana, S Ohio, Wisconsin, S Pennsylvania, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida), Mexico (N/E Chihuahua, NE Durango, Coahuila, NW Nuevo Leon, N Zacatecas), Canada (British Columbia [fide BOULENGER 1887]) edbelli: Mexico (Durango, Coahuila, Chihuahua); Type locality: Two mi S León Guzmán, Durango, Mexico. elongatus: USA (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Utah [fide BURT 1933]). Type Locality: Moa Ave, Painted Desert, Arizona. erythrocheilus: USA (Colorado). Type Locality: Nineteen mi E Model, Purgatoire River, Las Animas County, Colorado. floridanus: Type Locality: Pensacola, Escambia County, Florida. garmani: E New Mexico, South Dakota, W Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, Nebraska. Type Locality: "Dacota", in original description; restricted to "Near Pine Ridge, South Dakota", by Stejneger and Barbour (1933). hyacinthinus: Missouri, West Virginia, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, New Jersey, Virginia, etc.; Type Locality: None stated. "Probably the vicinity of Princeton, New Jersey" (Stejneger and Barbour, 1943). Neotype locality: Crossley Preserve, western Berkeley Township, Ocean County, New Jersey, 4.76 mi (7.05 km) directly west of the Garden State Parkway bridge over Toms River at Toms River, New Jersey. speari: Type Locality: 1.6 km N Hwy 2, 107°11'W, 31°33” N, 1250 m, on a side road intersecting Hwy. 2, 3.6 km E Microondas Duna, 18.6 km E San Martín, northern central Chihuahua, Mexico. tedbrowni: New Mexico [HR 32: 58]. Type Locality: A large dune, Waldrop Peak, 0.5 mi S Hy 380, Chavez Co., 6 mi W Caprock, Lea Co., New Mexico. thayerii: Type Locality: "Indianola [Calhoun County, Texas], on the Gulf of Mexico, San Antonio (Texas), El Paso del Norte, and as far westward as the province of Sonora". However, Smith (1938c) and Cochran (1961) give the type locality as Indianola undulatus: Type Locality: "Les grands bois de la Caroline." Of neotype, 3.2 mi (5.14 km) N intersection of South Carolina route 41 and county road 100 at Wando (Cainhoy), in Francis Marion National Forest, Berkeley County, South Carolina. Wando, or Cainhoy, is 15.25 mi (24.6 km) NE Charleston, S. C. Map legend: - Region according to the TDWG standard, not a precise distribution map. NOTE: TDWG regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and this does not always work properly. We are working on it.
Types	Neotype: Charleston Museum CR 1981, collected by John Quinby 31 October 1953, designated by Bell (1996). Original types lost. Holotype: UCM 41539, collected 19 June 1966 by Richard L. Holland [edbelli] Holotype: USNM 15858, collected 23 September 1889, by C. Hart Merriam and Vernon O. Bailey [elongatus] Holotype USNM 137833, collected by T. P. Maslin and H. A. Fehlman, 17 September 1949 [erythrocheilus] Holotype: USNM 2874, collected by Dr. R. W. Jeffries, U. S. N. [floridanus] Lectotype: BMNH 1946.8.30.10, one of the original three syntypes (Bell, 1996) [garmani] Neotype ANSP 35082, collected 3 May 1993 by R. T. Zappalorti and E. L. Bell; see Bell (1996) [hyacinthinus] Holotype: UCM 56881, collected 4 October 1993, by J. A. Lemos-Espinal [speari] Holotype: MSWB 33859, collected 19 June 1978, by A. and H. Sena [tedbrowni] Syntypes: Three: USNM 2887, collected by J. H. Clark [thayerii] Holotype: USNM 8613, collected August 1874, by W. G. Shedd [tristichus]
Comment	Subspecies: Sceloporus undulatus consobrinus is treated here as full species. Leaché and Cole (2007) presented evidence for hybridization between S. cowlesi and S. tristichus. MILES et al. (2002) could not find convincing evidence for the validity of genetically distinct subspecies of C. undulatus. Distribution: Based on the evidence presented by LEACHÉ (2009), Sceloporus undulatus is apparently restricted to east of the Mississippi River and S. consobrinus to the west, a geographic finding consistent with a number of other systematic studies involving frogs and snakes. Nomenclature: S. u. belli is an unavailable junior secondary homonym of Tropidolepis bellii Gray 1831 (which is a nomen dubium named in honor of Thomas Bell [1792-1880, an eminent scientist and herpetologist in London, much admired by Gray, who named many species for him). S. u. belli has thus been renamed S.u. edbelli. Lacerta fasciata Green, 1818 is a junior primary homonym of Lacerta fasciata Linnaeus (1758); see Smith (1947). S. (u.) tristichus is the race of S. undulatus sympatric with occidentalis longipes in the Pine Valley Mountains of southwestern Utah (Cole, 1963; Smith and Chiszar, 1989). Etymology (edbelli): named after Edwin L. Bell, Professor Emeritus of Biology at Albright College, Reading, Pennsylvania, who worked for many years on S. occidentalis and the systematics of the UNDULATUS group. Etymology (elongatus): The Latin elongatus refers to the elongate tail and legs, as described by Stejneger (1890). Etymology (erythrocheilus): The Greek erythros, "red," and cheilos, "lip," refer to the rust-reddish coloration of the lips and adjacent scales in breeding males. Etymology (garmani): The genitive singular noun honors Samuel Garman, Curator at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, who authored nearly 50 works in herpetology from 1874-1917. Garman sent the syntypes to Boulenger. Etymology (hyacinthinus): The Greek singular noun is from hyakinthinus, "lily," and refers to the blue colors of the abdominal semeions. Etymology (speari): The genitive singular patronym honors Norman E. Spear, Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the State University of New York at Binghamton, where he is Co-director of the Center for Developmental Psychology, and was a mentor for David Chiszar. Etymology (tedbrowni): The Latin genitive singular honors Ted L. Brown, authority on the herpetology of New Mexico, and long editor of the New Mexico Herpetological Society Newsletter. Etymology (thayerii): This name honors Col. Sylvanus Thayer, founder of the instructional regimen at West Point Military Academy in the middle of the 19th century. Etymology (undulatus): The Latin undulatus, "wavy," refers to the undulant transverse dark cross-bars on the dorsum. Reproduction: oviparous.
References	Allen, Morrow J. 1932. A survey of the Amphibians and reptiles of Harrison County, Mississippi American Museum Novitates (542): 1-20 - get paper here Applegarth, J.S. 1969. The variation, distribution, and taxonomy of the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus Bosc in Latreille, in northeastern New Mexico. Unpublished M.S. thesis, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 124 pp. Baird,S.F. and Girard,C. 1854. Appendix F. Zoology. Reptiles. In: Marcy and McClellan, Exploration of the Red River of Louisiana, in the year 1852: 188-215, pl.10, figs. 5-12 [1853] Basford, Susan J. 1993. A sceloporus lizard population in southern New Jersey Sonoran Herpetologist 6 (9): 90-92 Bell E. L. 1995. History of the authorship of the name of the Fence Lizard, Sceloporus undulatus (Bosc and Daudin in Sonnini and Latreille). Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 31: 15-27. Bell, E.L.; Smith, H.M. & Chiszar, D. 2003. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES-GROUP NAMES APPLIED TO THE LIZARD GENUS SCELOPORUS. Acta Zoologica Mexicana (n.s.) 90: 103-174 Bell, Edwin L. 1993. Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus (Northern Fence Lizard). USA: Pennsylvania Herpetological Review 24 (2): 67 Bell, Edwin L. 1996. Descriptions of neotypes for Sceloporus undulatus undulatus, the southern fence lizard, and Sceloporus undulatus hyacinthinus, the northern fence lizard, and a lectotype for Sceloporus undulatus garmani, the northern prairie lizard Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 32 (3): 81-103 Blackburn, D.G. 1994. Standardized criteria for the recognition of embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles. Copeia 1994 (4): 925-935 - get paper here Blair, Kathleen;Smith, Hobart M. 1993. Sceloporus undulatus consobrinus (Southern Prairie Lizard). USA: Texas Herpetological Review 24 (2): 67 Bogosian, Victor; Eric C. Hellgren, and Raymond W. Moody 2012. Assemblages of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals on an Urban Military Base in Oklahoma. 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A contribution to the herpetology of Kentucky. American Midland Naturalist 14 (6): 669-679 - get paper here Burt, Charles E. 1933. Some lizards from the Great Basin of the West and adjacent areas, with comments on the status of various forms American Midland Naturalist 14: 228-250 - get paper here Burt, Charles E. 1933. A collection of amphibians and reptiles from southern Missouri American Midland Naturalist 14 (2): 170-173 - get paper here Cagle, Fred R. 1945. Notes on Sceloporus undulatus undulatus Copeia 1945 (2): 122 - get paper here Carpenter, Charles C. 1959. A population of Sceloporus undulatus consobrinus in south-central Oklahoma Southwestern Naturalist 4 (2): 110-112 - get paper here Cole, Charles J. 1972. Chromosome variation in North American fence lizards (genus Sceloporus; undulatus species group) Systematic Zoology 21 (4): 357-363 Cole,C.J. 1963. Variation, distribution, and taxonomic status of the lizard , Sceloporus undulatus virgatus SMITH. 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Specialty Publication 1, VA Dept of Game and Fisheries, 122 pp. - get paper here Mitchell, J.C. 1994. The reptiles of Virginia. Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, ca. 350 pp. Mosauer, Walter 1936. The reptilian fauna of sand dune areas of Vizcaino Desert and of northwestern Lower California Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (329): 1-21 Palmer, W.M. & Braswell, A.L. 1995. Reptiles of North Carolina. Univ. North Carolina Press Parker, William S. 1994. Demography of the fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus, in northern Mississippi Copeia 1994 (1): 136-152 - get paper here Potts, George D. & Joseph T. Collins 2005. A CHECKLIST OF THE VERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF KANSAS. Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, 50 pp. ROSENBLUM, E. B.; N. M. BELFIORE and C. MORITZ 2007. PRIMER NOTE: Anonymous nuclear markers for the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus. Molecular Ecology Notes 7: 113–116 Rosenblum, Erica Bree; Holger Römpler; Torsten Schöneberg, and Hopi E. Hoekstra 2010. Molecular and functional basis of phenotypic convergence in white lizards at White Sands. PNAS 107 (5): 2113–2117 Rosier, R. L. and T Langkilde 2012. Absence of Climbing-Induced Limb Length Plasticity in the Eastern Fence Lizard, Sceloporus undulatus Journal of Herpetology 46 (2): 162-166. - get paper here Schmidt, Karl P. 1953. A Checklist of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 6th ed. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Chicago, 280 pp. Schumacher, R. & Schumacher, Y. 2012. Die Halsband- und Leopardleguane des Colorado-Plateaus. Iguana Rundschreiben 25 (1): 4-16 Serb, Jeanne M.; Petzing, John E.; Near, Thomas J. 1998. Geographic Distribution. Sceloporus undulatus Herpetological Review 29 (2): 111 Smith H M; Chiszar D; Lemos-Espinal J A; Bell E L 1995. The Cabeza de Vaca Basin subspecies of the lizard Sceloporus undulatus. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 98 (1-2): 44-60 Smith, Geoffrey R.;Rowe, John W.;Ballinger, Royce E. 1996. Intraspecific life history variation in Sceloporus undulatus: a factor analysis Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 23: 85-90 Smith, H. M. 1939. The Mexican and Central American lizards of the genus Sceloporus. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 26: 1-397. - get paper here Smith, H. M. & D. Chiszar 1989. The subspecific identity of the population of Sceloporus undulatus sympatric with S. occidentalis. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 25: 143-150 Smith, H. M.;Bell, E. L.;Applegarth, J. S.;Chiszar, D. 1992. Adaptive convergence in the lizard superspecies Sceloporus undulatus Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 28: 123-149 Smith, H.M., D. Chiszar & J.A. Lemos-Espinal 1995. A new subspecies of the polytypic lizard species Sceloporus undulatus (Sauria. Iguanidae) from Mexico. Texas Journal of Science 47 (2): 117-143. Smith, Hobart M. 1938. Remarks on the status of the subspecies of Sceloporus undulatus, with descriptions of new species and subspecies of the Undulatus group. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (387): 1-17 Smith, Hobart M. 1947. The scientific name of the common northern fence lizard Natural History Miscellanea (24): 1-2 Smith, Hobart M., David Chiszar and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2002. A replacement name for Bell's spiny lizard, Sceloporus belli. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 38(3): 88-90 Smith, Hobart M.;Chiszar, David;Evanoff, Emmett;Mitton, Jeffrey B. 1993. The range of the so-called relictual intergrades between the lizards Sceloporus undulatus garmani and S. u. erythrocheilus Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 29 (1): 30-36 Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston Stejneger, L. 1890. Results of a biological survey of the San Francisco Mountain region and Desert of the Little Colorado, Arizona. Part V. Annotated list of reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. C. Hart Merriam and Vernon Bailey on the San Francisco Mountain Platea North American Fauna, No. 3: 103-118 Tanner, Vasco M.;Hayward, C. Lynn 1934. A biological study of the La Sal Mountains, Utah report No. 1 (Ecology) Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters 11: 209-235 Taylor, Edward H. 1929. List of reptiles and batrachians of Morton County, Kansas, reporting species new to the state fauna Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 19 (6): 63-65 - get paper here Taylor, Harry L.;Walker, J. Martin 1964. Reevaluation of sexual chromatic differences in the lizard Sceloporus undulatus erythrocheilus Maslin Copeia 1964 (2): 457 - get paper here Tinkle, D. W. 1972. The dynamics of a Utah population of Sceloporus undulatus Herpetologica 28: 351-359 - get paper here Tinkle, D. W.;Ballinger, R. E. 1972. Sceloporus undulatus: a study on the interspecific comparative demography of a lizard Ecology 53 (4): 570-584 Van Breukelen, Frank;Roth, Jan;Chiszar, David;Smith, Hobart M. 1997. Geographic Distribution. Sceloporus undulatus elongatus Herpetological Review 28 (3): 158 Werning, H. 2009. Florida - ein kleiner herpetologischer Reiseführer. Draco 10 (37): 4-23 - get paper here Werning, Heiko 2012. Der amerikanische Südwesten, ein Sehnsuchtsort auch für Reptilienfreunde Draco 13 (50): 4-17 - get paper here Williams, Kenneth L. 1960. Taxonomic notes on Arizona herpetozoa. Southwestern Naturalist 5 (1): 25-36 - get paper here Woodbury, Angus Munn 1928. The reptiles of Zion National Park. Copeia 1928 (166): 14-21 - get paper here Zappalorti, R.T. 2012. Into the barrens. HerpNation 2.5 (8): 26-38 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List - Sceloporus undulatus - Least Concern, LC http://www.zo.utexas.edu/research/txherps/lizards/ http://www.wildherps.com/species/S.undulatus.html http://www.wildherps.com/species/S.tristichus.html Google images

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