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Siebenrockiella crassicollis (GRAY, 1831)

IUCN Red List - Siebenrockiella crassicollis - Vulnerable, VU
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Higher TaxaGeoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Siamese Temple Turtle, Black Marsh Turtle
G: Dickhalsschildkröte 
SynonymEmys crassicollis GRAY 1831
Emys Crassicolis [sic] — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 325
Emys nigra BLYTH 1855 (non Emys nigra HALLOWELL 1854)
Emys crassicollis GRAY 1857: 343
Bellia crassilabris THEOBALD 1876 (ex errore)
Pangshura cochinchinensis TIRANT 1885
Bellia crassicollis — BOULENGER 1889
Bellia crassicollis — WERNER 1900: 481
Bellia crassicollis — DE ROOIJ 1915: 296
Siebenrockiella crassicollis — MERTENS et al. 1934
Siebenrockiella crassicollis — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 187
Siebenrockiella crassicollis — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 454
Siebenrockiella crassicollis — COX et al. 1998: 130
Siebenrockiella crassicollis — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Siebenrockiella crassicollis — TTWG 2021 
DistributionS Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand (incl. Phuket), Myanmar (= Burma) (Tenasserim), Laos,
Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Belitung Island)

Introduced to Singapore

Type locality: "Sumatra".  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1947.3.5.36. 
Diagnosis 
CommentType species: Bellia crassicollis (GRAY 1831) is the type species of the genus Siebenrockiella LINDHOLM 1929, a nomen novum pro Bellia. Bellia MILNE-EDWARDS 1848 and Bellia BATE 1851 are Crustaceans, Bellia TUTT 1902 is a lepidopteran.

Genetics: Montiel et al. (2016) identified a macro-chromosome XX/XY system in the GSD wood turtle Glyptemys insculpta, the youngest known sex chromosomes in chelonians (8–20 My old). Comparative analyses show that their X/Y is homologous to chromosome 4 of Chrysemys picta, chromosome 5 of Gallus gallus (chicken), and thus to the X/Y sex chromosomes of Siebenrockiella crassicollis.

Karyotype: Killebrew (1977) reported the diploid karyotype to be 52, but previously Stock (1972) and Bickham and Baker (1976a) had found it to be 50. Bickham and Baker (1976a) also reported the single individual they examined was heterozygous for a presumed pericentric inversion. Further study by Carr and Bickham (1981) has confirmed heteromorphism in a pair of macrochromosomes in the male, which they interpreted as an XX/XY sex-determining system, the first discovered in the Emydidae and the only such system in turtles other than that found in the kinosternid genus Staurotypus. (Ernst & Barbour 1989)

Behavior: nocturnal

Habitat: freshwater (Rivers, swamps) 
EtymologyNamed after its thick neck (Latin crassus, -a = thick, dense, and Latin “collum” = neck).

The genus is named after Friedrich Siebenrock (1853-1925), Austrian zoologist. 
References
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