Sinomicrurus boettgeri (FRITZE, 1894)

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Boettger’s Coral Snake
Synonym	Calliophis boettgeri FRITZE 1894 Callophis japonicus BOULENGER 1892: 302 (part.) Hemibungarus japonicus — BOULENGER 1896: 395 Hemibungarus boettgeri — STEJNEGER 1907: 389 Calliophis japonicus — THOMPSON 1913: 511 (part.) Hemibungarus boettgeri — MAKI 1931 Calliophis japonicus japonicus — LOVERIDGE 1946: 153 Hemibungarus boettgeri — SCLATER 1950: 115 Calliophis japonicus boettgeri — KOBA 1962: 92 Calliophis japonicus boettgeri — TAKARA 1962: 75 (part.) Hemibungarus japonicus boettgeri — TORIBA in GOLAY et al. 1993: 141 Micrurus japonicus boettgeri — WELCH 1994: 85 (part.) Hemibungarus japonicus boettgeri — OTA, ITO & LIN 1999 Hemibungarus japonicus takarai OTA, ITO & LIN, 1999 Sinomicrurus japonicus boettgeri — GORIS & MAEDA 2004: 246 Sinomicrurus japonicus boettgeri — KAITO et al. 2017 Sinomicrurus boettgeri — SMART et al. 2021
Distribution	Japan (Tokunoshima of the Amami Group, and Okinawajima, Gushikawajima, and Okinawajima of the Okinawa Group) takarai: Iejima, Zamamijima, Amurojima, Gerumajima, Akajima, Tonakijima, Kumejima of the Okinawa Group.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: SMF 9395 a, collected on 5 August 1891
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (683 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Venomous! See also S. japonicus. Synonymy: mainly after OTA et al. 1999. Previous authors regarded C. boettgeri as a junior synonym of C. japonicus (e.g. Boulenger 1896; Thompson 1913; Loveridge 1946; Nakamura and Ueno 1963). Other authors recognized the validity of boettgeri as a subspecies of japonicus (e.g. Koba 1962, 1977; Takara 1962). Subspecies: Smart et al. 2021 consider boettgeri as a valid species but without much discussion. Conservation: H. j. japonicus and H. j. boettgeri are classified as “near threatened” in Japan (Ota 2000).
References	Boulenger, G. A. 1892. Description of new reptiles and batrachians from the Loo Choo Islands. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 10: 302-304 - get paper here Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here Fritze,A. 1894. Die Fauna der Liu-Kiu-Insel Okinawa. Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 7: 852-926 - get paper here Golay,P, H.M. SMITH, D.G. BROADLEY, J. R. DIXON, C., MCCARTHY, J. C. RAGE, B. SCHÀTTI & M.TORIBA 1993. Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes of the world. A checklist. [type catalogue] Aire-Genève, Azemiops S. A. Herpetological Data Center: i-xv + 1-478. Goris, R.C. & Maeda, N. 2004. Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan. Krieger, Malabar, 285 pp. Kaito, T., Ota, H. and Toda, M. 2017. The evolutionary history and taxonomic reevaluation of the Japanese coral snake, Sinomicrurus japonicus (Serpentes, Elapidae), endemic to the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, by use of molecular and morphological analyses. J Zool Syst Evol Res.; doi:10.1111/jzs.12162 - get paper here Koba,K. 1962. Studies on the snakes of the genus Trimeresurus of the Amami and Tokara islands, Japan [in Japanese]. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo. Loveridge,A. 1946. Reptiles of the Pacific World. MacMillan Publ. Co., New York. Maki, M. 1931. Monograph of the Snakes of Japan. Dai-ichi Shobo, Tokyo. (1), 7, 240 pages (expanded edition 1933) Ota, Hidetoshi, Akiko Ito and Jun-Tsong Lin. 1999. Systematic review of the Elapid snakes allied to Hemibungarus japonicus (Günther, 1868) in the East Asian Islands, with description of a new subspecies from the central Ryukyus. Journal of Herpetology 33 (4): 675-687 - get paper here Sclater, J.A. 1950. Bionomic notes on some reptiles form Okinawa Shima, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 3: 113-116 - get paper here Smart, U., Ingrasci, M. J., Sarker, G. C., Lalremsanga, H., Murphy, R. W., Ota, H., Tu, M. C., Shouche, Y., Orlov, N. L., & Smith, E. N. 2021. A comprehensive appraisal of evolutionary diversity in venomous Asian coralsnakes of the genus Sinomicrurus (Serpentes: Elapidae) using Bayesian coalescent inference and supervised machine learning. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 59, 2212–2277 - get paper here Stejneger, LEONHARD H. 1907. Herpetology of Japan and adjacent territory. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 58: xx, 1-577 - get paper here Takara,T. 1962. Studies on the terrestrial snakes in the Ryukyu Archipelago [In Japanese with English summary]. Sci. Bull. Agr. Home Econ. Div., Univ. Ryukyus (9): 1-202 Thompson, J.C. 1913. Contributions to the synonymy of Serpentes in the family Elapidae. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 65: 508-514 - get paper here Welch, K. R. G. 1994. Snakes of the World. A Checklist. I. Venomous snakes. KCM Books, Somerset, England.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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