Sonora cincta (COPE, 1861)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names
Synonym	Chilomeniscus cinctus COPE 1861: 303 Chilomeniscus ephippicus COPE 1867 Carphophis cincta — GARMAN 1884: 100 Chilomeniscus cinctus — COPE 1900: 952 Chilomeniscus cinctus — CLIFF 1954 Chilomeniscus cinctus — BANTA & LEVITON 1963 Chilomeniscus ephippicus — BANTA & LEVITON 1963 Chilomeniscus cinctus — LEVITON & BANTA 1964 Chilomeniscus cinctus — JONES et al. 1981 Chilomeniscus cinctus — STEBBINS 1985: 214 Chilomeniscus cinctus — LINER 1994 Chilomeniscus cinctus — CROTHER 2000: 57 Chilomeniscus stramineus — GRISMER et al. 2002: 28 Chilomeniscus cinctus — HOLM 2008: 29 Sonora (Chilomeniscus) cincta — COX et al. 2018: 972
Distribution	USA (S Arizona) Mexico (N Baja California Sur, W Sonora) Type locality: near the town of Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico
Reproduction	oviparous.
Types	Holotype: MCZ R427 (Museum of Comparative Zoology) Holotype: USNM 8897 [Chilomeniscus ephippicus]
Diagnosis	Diagnosis: Sonora cincta can be distinguished from all other Sonora except for S. fasciata and S. straminea by the presence of an elongated rostrum. Unlike S. straminea, S. cincta does not have apical maculations on dorsal body scales (Holm 2008). There are no simple morphological measurements to distinguish S. fasciata and S. cincta, but Holm (2008) presents a formula that uses a pattern of head squamation to distinguish these two taxa. Geographic range may in fact be the most reliable way to distinguish S. fasciata from S. cincta (Cox et al. 2018: 971). Additional details (881 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Distribution: not in Sonora fide Lemos-Espinal et al. 2019 but in Sonora fide Cox et al. 2018 (map in Fig. 4). Not in Sinaloa (Lemos-Espinal & Smith 2020).
Etymology	Named after the Latin verb “cingere” or “cinctum” = wearing a belt.
References	Banta, Benjamin H.;Leviton, Alan E. 1963. Remarks on the colubrid genus Chilomeniscus (Serpentes: Colubridae). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 31 (11): 309-327 - get paper here Cliff, Frank S. 1954. Snakes of the islands in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 12 (5): 67-98 - get paper here Cope, E.D. 1861. Contributions to the ophiology of Lower California, Mexico and Central America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 292-306 - get paper here Cope, E.D. 1892. A critical review of the characters and variations of the snakes of North America. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 14: 589-694 - get paper here Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here Cox, Christian L.; Alison R. Davis Rabosky, Iris A. Holmes, Jacobo Reyes-Velasco, Corey E. Roelke, Eric N. Smith, Oscar Flores-Villela, Jimmy A. McGuire & Jonathan A. Campbell 2018. Synopsis and taxonomic revision of three genera in the snake tribe Sonorini. Journal of Natural History 52: 945-988 - get paper here Crother, B. I. 2000. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Herpetological Circular 29: 1-82 GRISMER, L. L., H. WONG & P. GALINA-TESSARO 2002. Geographic variation and taxonomy of the Sand Snakes, Chilomeniscus (Squamata: Colubridae). Herpetologica 58 (1): 18-31 - get paper here Hoard, R.S. 1939. A new subspecies of snake of the genus Chilomeniscus. Pomona Coll. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 31 (4): 45-46 Holm, PA. 2008. Phylogenetic biology of the burrowing snake tribe Sonorini (Colubridae). Tucson (AZ): University of Arizona Jones, K.B.; Abbas, D.R. & Bergstedt, T. 1981. Herpetological records from Central and Northeastern Arizona. Herpetological Review 12 (1): 16 - get paper here Leviton, Alan E.; Banta, Benjamin H. 1964. Midwinter reconnaissance of the herpetofauna of the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 30 (7): 127-156 - get paper here Liner, E.A. 1994. Scientific and common names for the Amphibians and Reptiles of Mexico in English and Spanish. Herpetological Circular 23: 1-113 Mocquard, M.F. 1899. Contribution a la faune herpétologique de la Basse-Californie. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Natur.Paris, 4th Series, Vol. 1: 297-343 + plates XI-XIII - get paper here Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142 Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston Van Denburgh,J. 1895. A review of the herpetology of Lower California. Part I - Reptiles. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2) 5: 77-163 - get paper here
External links	National Center for Biotechnology Information http://bio.lmu.edu/socal_nat_hist/reptiles/snakes.htm https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/MCZ:Herp:R-427 Google images

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