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Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus (HALLOWELL, 1861)

IUCN Red List - Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus - Least Concern, LC

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Higher TaxaSphaerodactylidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Lower Central American Geckolet, Spotted Least Gecko
S: Gequillo de Puntos 
SynonymSphaeriodactylus millepunctatus HALLOWELL 1861: 480
Sphaerodactylus continentalis WERNER 1896
Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus — TAYLOR 1956: 49
Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus — WERMUTH 1965: 170
Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus — HARRIS & KLUGE 1984: 17
Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus — KLUGE 1993
Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus — LINER 1994
Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus — KÖHLER 2000: 51
Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus — MCCRANIE & HEDGES 2012: 73
Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus — MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA et al. 2024 
DistributionGuatemala, Belize, Nicaragua (incl. Isla de Maíz Grande), Honduras, Costa Rica (from the Mosquitia region of northeastern Honduras to northern Costa Rica), Mexico (Tabasco)

Type locality: Nicaragua.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: UMMZ 173053, original holotype: USNM 6057 (lost) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus can be distinguished from S. continentalis in having slightly larger and fewer dorsal scales (42–57, x = 51.7 ± 5.0 in 15 S. millepunctatus versus 59–70, x = 63.5 ± 3.4 in 20 S. continentalis examined for this study; see Discussion and Appendix I). Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus differs from both S. guanajae and S. leonardovaldesi in lacking a short thin pale yellow line above each pelvis, in usually having distinct dorsal spots that are larger than one scale, and in usually having distinct dark stripes on the posterior end of the head and anterior portion of the body (versus short pale pelvic lines almost always present, only scattered dark spots on body that are confined to one scale, and indistinct dark stripes on head and body in those two species). Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus also differs from S. guanajae in having more subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe (9–12, x = 9.7 ± 0.8 on 30 sides versus 8–9, x = 8.6 ± 0.5 on 12 sides in S. guanajae) and also differs from S. leonardovaldesi in having larger dorsal scales (42–57, x = 51.7 ± 5.0 in 15 S. millepunctatus versus 58–66, x = 61.7 ± 2.7 in 13 S. leonardovaldesi). Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus also differs from S. continentalis, S. guanajae, and S. leonardovaldesi in molecular data (Fig. 1). Sphaerodactylus homolepis Cope also narrowly occurs sympatrically with S. millepunctatus in southeastern Nicaragua and adjacent northeastern Costa Rica, but S. homolepis has a single supranasal scale and has alternating median subcaudal scales (versus two supranasals and subcaudals aligned in a single series in S. millepunctatus) [from MCCRANIE & HEDGES 2012]. 
CommentDistribution: KÖHLER 2000 states “not on the Yucatan peninsula” but see map in LEE 1996: 180.

Synonymy: S. lineolatus, S. glaucus.

Relative abundance in Honduras: infrequent 
EtymologyThe name millepunctatus is derived from the Latin words mille (a thousand) and punctum (spot) and the Latin suffix -atus (provided with). The name alludes to the spotted pattern of the syntypes. 
References
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  • Campbell, J.A. 1998. Amphibians and reptiles of northern Guatemala, the Yucatán, and Belize. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, xiii + 380 pp. - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Hallowell, E. 1861. Report upon the Reptilia of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under command of Capt. John Rogers, U. S. N. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12 [1860]: 480 - 510 - get paper here
  • Harris D M; Kluge A G 1984. The Sphaerodactylus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) of Middle America. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan (No. 706): 1-59 - get paper here
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  • Lee, J. C. 2000. A field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of the Maya world. Cornell University Press, Ithaca,
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  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2018. The Lizards, Crocodiles, and Turtles of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication Series (2): 1- 666 - get paper here
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  • Sunyer, J., K.E. Nicholson, J.G. Phillips, J.A.Gubler, and L.A. Obando 2013. Lizards (Reptilia: Squamata) of the Corn Islands, Caribbean Nicaragua. Check List 9: 1383–1390 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E. H. 1956. A review of the lizards of Costa Rica. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 38 (part 1): 3-322 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1896. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Reptilien und Batrachier von Centralamerika und Chile, sowie einiger seltenerer Schlangenarten. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich— Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 46: 344—365 - get paper here
 
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