Testudo horsfieldii GRAY, 1844

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Higher Taxa	Testudinidae, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies	Testudo horsfieldii horsfieldii GRAY 1844 Testudo horsfieldii bogdanovi CHKHIKVADZE 2008 Testudo horsfieldii kuznetzovi CHKHIKVADZE, ATAEV, SHAMMAKOV & ZATOKA 2009 Testudo horsfieldii kazachstanica CHKHIKVADZE 1988 Testudo horsfieldii terbishi CHKHIKVADZE 2009 Testudo horsfieldii rustamovi CHKHIKVADZE, AMIRANSCHWILI & ATAJEW 1990
Common Names	E: Horsfield’s Tortoise G: Steppenschildkröte
Synonym	Testudo horsfieldii GRAY 1844 Homopus burnesii BLYTH 1854 Testudo horsfieldii — GRAY 1857: 343 Testudinella Horsfieldii — GRAY 1873: 143 Testudo baluchiorum ANNANDALE 1906 Agrionemys horsfieldii — KHOZATSKY & MLYNARSKI 1966 Agryonemys [sic] horsfieldii — LANGERWERF 1979 Agrionemys horsfieldii — OBST 1985 Agrionemys horsfieldi — ENGELMANN et al 1993 Testudo horsfieldii — XIANGKUI 1994 Testudo horsfieldii — DAS 1996: 39 Agrionemys horsfieldi — SZCZERBAK 2003 Testudo horsfieldii — JOHNSTON et al. 2006 Agrionemys (Testudo) horsfieldii — BONIN et al 2006 Agrionemys horsfieldi — BONDARENKO et al. 2008 Testudo horsfieldii — SINDACO & JEREMCENKO 2008 Testudo horsfieldii kazachstanica CHKHIKVADZE 1988 Agrionemys horsfieldi kazachstanica CHKHIKVADZE 1988 Testudo horsfieldii kazachstanica — DAVID 1994 Agrionemys horsfieldi kazachstanica — LAGARDE 2004 Testudo horsfieldii rustamovi CHKHIKVADZE, AMIRANSCHWILI & ATAJEW 1990 Agrionemys horsfieldi rustamovi CHKHIKVADZE et al. 1990 Testudo horsfieldii rustamovi — DAVID 1994 Agrionemys rustamovi — PERÄLÄ 2002 Agrionemys horsfieldi rustamovi — LAGARDE 2004
Distribution	SE Russia (from the Caspian Sea southward), Azerbaijan, S Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, N/E Iran, Afghanistan, N Pakistan, N/W Baluchistan, NW China (Xinjiang); elevations up to 2400 m (in Afghanistan fide WERNING & WOLF 2007). Type locality: Kabul, Afghanistan Map legend: - Region according to the TDWG standard, not a precise distribution map. NOTE: TDWG regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and this does not always work properly. We are working on it.
Types	Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.3.
Comment	Reproduction: Testudo horsfieldii and Testudo graeca ibera have been reported to produce viable hybrids (KABISCH 2001). T. horsfieldii produced also hybrids with T. hermanni boettgeri (STEINLE 1977, FRITZ 1995). Type species: Testudo horsfieldii is the type species of the genus Agrionemys KHOZATSKY & MLYNARSKI 1966. Distribution: Reports from Armenia are not confirmed by Ananjeva et al. (2004). Reports from Nepal also need confirmation (BONIN et al. 2006).
References	Auer, M. & Herz, M. 2007. Die Landschildkröten des Iran - Persische Populationen der Maurischen Landschildkröte. Draco 8 (32): 50-55 - get paper here Bondarenko, D.A. & Evgeny A. Peregontsev 2009. Peculiarities of landscape distribution of the Central Asian Tortoise, Agrionemys horsfieldii, in Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 48: 49–62 - get paper here Bondarenko, D.A.; E. A. Peregontsev and G. B. Mukhtar 2008. Current State of Steppe Tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldii Gray, 1844) Populations in Landscapes of Southern Kazakhstan. Russian Journal of Ecology, 39 (3): 210–214 Bonin, F., Devaux, B. & Dupré, A. 2006. Turtles of the World. English translation by P.C.H. Pritchard. Johns Hopkins University Press, 416 pp. Buskirk, James R. 1989. New locality records for Chinese non-marine chelonians [Chinemys reevesii nigricans, Cistoclemmys flavomarginata, Cuora galbinifrons hainanensis pani, Mauremys mutica, Clemmys Oscadia sinensis, Sacalia bealei quadriocellata, Platysternon megacephalum Chinese Herpetological Research 2 (2): 65-68 Engelmann,W.E. et al. 1993. Lurche und Kriechtiere Europas. Neumann Verlag (Radebeul, Germany), 440 pp. Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London Fischer, S. & Homuth, M. 2006. Virusinfektion bei Landschildkröten. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (57): 56-63 - get paper here Fischer, S. & Homuth, M. 2006. Herpesvirus infection in tortoises - illness, diagnosis, and prevention. Reptilia (GB) (47): 78-82 - get paper here Fong, J.J. & Qiao, G.X. 2010. New localities of endangered Chinese turtles from museum specimens and the practical and ethical challenges using and reporting natural history collection data. Zootaxa 2393: 59–68 - get paper here Fritz, U. 1995. Schildkröten-Hybriden. 2. Halsberger-Schildkröten (Cryptodira). Herpetofauna 17 (95): 19-34 - get paper here Gray, J.E. 1844. Catalogue of Tortoises, Crocodilians, and Amphisbaenians in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 80 p. Gray,J.E. 1857. Notice of some Indian tortoises (including the description of a new species presented to the British Museum by Professor Oldham). Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 19: 342-344 - get paper here Gray,J.E. 1873. Notes on tortoises. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 11: 143-149 - get paper here Gutsche, A. 2012. Klassiker: Die Steppenschildkröte. Terraria Elaphe 2012 (4): 74-75 Herz, M. & Auer, M. 2007. Die Landschildkröten des Iran - Steppenschildkröten in Persien. Draco 8 (32): 56-60 - get paper here Hitschfeld, Ellen; Auer, Markus; Fritz, Uwe 2008. Phalangeal formulae and ontogenetic variation of carpal morphology in Testudo horsfieldii and T. hermanni. Amphibia-Reptilia 29 (1): 93-99 - get paper here Jamniczky, H. A. and A. P. Russell 2007. Reappraisal of Patterns of Nonmarine Cryptodiran Turtle Carotid Circulation: Evidence From Osteological Correlates and Soft Tissues. JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY 268:571–587 Johnston, E.E.; Rand, M.S. & Zweifel, S.G. 2006. Detection of multiple paternity and sperm storage in a captive colony of the central Asian tortoise Testudo horsfieldii. Can. J. Zool. 84: 520-526 Kabisch, K. 2001. Bastardierung von Testudo horsfieldii GRAY 1844 und Testudo graeca ibera PALLAS 1814. Sauria 23 (2): 7-11 - get paper here Kami, H. G. 1999. On the biology of the Afghan Tortoise, Testudo horsfieldi, in north-eastern Iran (Reptilia: Testudines). Zoology in the Middle East 19: 43 - get paper here Khozatsky, L.I. & MLYNARSKI, M. 1966. Agrionemys - nouveau genre de tortues terrestres (Testudinidae). Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci., Cl. II, 14 (2): 123-125 Langerwerf, B. 1979. De herpetofauna van Oezbekistan (1). Lacerta 37 (8): 133-136 - get paper here Lee, D.S. & Smith, K. 2010. Testudostan: Our Post-Cold War Global Exploitation of a Noble Tortoise. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 45(1):1-9 - get paper here Lourenço, João M.; Julien Claude, Nicolas Galtier, Ylenia Chiari 2011. Dating cryptodiran nodes: Origin and diversification of the turtle superfamily Testudinoidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (1): - get paper here Obst, F.J. 1986. Turtles, tortoises and terrapins. St. Martins, New York. 231 pp. Parham, James F.; Macey, J. Robert; Papenfuss, Theodore J.; Feldman, Chris R.; Turkozan, Oguz; Polym 2006. The phylogeny of Mediterranean tortoises and their close relatives based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences from museum specimens. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38(1):50-64. - get paper here Pieh, A. & Philippen, H.D. 2007. Mediterrane Landschildkröten. Draco 8 (32): 4-34 - get paper here Sindaco, R. & Jeremcenko, V.K. 2008. The reptiles of the Western Palearctic. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 579 pp. Stalmakova, V. A. 2005. An albino of Steppe Tortoise (Agrionemys horsfieldii(Gray, 1844)) with an unusual shell anomaly. Modern Herpetology 3/4:117-120. Steinle,C.P. 1977. Ein rätselhaftes Gelege. Eier von Testudo horsfieldii durch T. hermanni befruchtet? Aquar. Terr. Z. (Stuttgart) 30 (1): 33-34 Szczerbak, N.N. 2003. Guide to the Reptiles of the Eastern Palearctic. Krieger, Malabar, FL, 260 pp. - get paper here Türkozan, Oğuz; Adem Özdemir, and Ferhat Kiremit 2008. International Testudo Trade Chelonian Conservation and Biology 7(2): 269 van der Kuyl, Antoinette C.; Donato L. Ph. Ballasina, John T. Dekker, Jolanda Maas, Ronald E. Willem 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships among the Species of the Genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Gene Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22: 174-183 - get paper here Vasilyev, V. A.; D. A. Bondarenko; E. A. Peregontsev; A. S. Voronov; A. P. Ryskov and S. K. Semenova 2008. Polymorphism of the 12S rRNA Gene and Phylogeography of the Central Asian Tortoises Agrionemys horsfieldii Gray, 1844. Russian Journal of Genetics 44 (6): 682–685 Werning, H. & Wolf, C. 2007. Gebirge und Hochland - Reptilien und Amphibien in einem extremen Lebensraum. Draco 7 (27): 4-27 - get paper here Wilms, T. 2004. Die Steppenschildkröte (Testudo horsfieldii). Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 64 pp. - get paper here Wogawa, Diane 1996. Die Steppenschildkröte DATZ 49 (8): 497 Xiangkui-Y 1994. Fossil and recent turtles of China. Science Press, Beijing. 1994: i-vi, 1-112
External links	IUCN Red List - Testudo horsfieldii - Vulnerable, VU http://www.tortoise.org/gallery.html http://www.landschildkroeten.com/index1.htm http://www.tortoisetrust.org/articles/horsfield2.html http://www.tortoise.org/archives/russ.html Google images Profile of Testudo horsfieldii on Reptarium

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