Thamnophis gigas FITCH, 1940

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Giant Garter Snake G: Riesen-Strumpfbandnatter
Synonym	Thamnophis ordinoides gigas FITCH 1940: 69 Thamnophis couchii gigas — FITCH 1984 Thamnophis couchii gigas — STEBBINS 1985: 206 Thamnophis gigas — CROTHER 2000 Thamnophis gigas — WALLACH et al. 2014: 722
Distribution	USA (California: Central VAlley from Delevan National Wildlife Refuge, Colus acounty, to Los Banos Creek and Mud Slough in San Joaquin Valley). Type locality: Gadwall, Merced County, California.
Reproduction	ovoviviparous
Types	Holotype: MVZ 5428, adult female
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (541 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Largest member of the genus with a maximal total length of 163 cm.
Etymology	Named after the giant “Gigas” in Greek mythology, the child of Uranus and Gaea. The name is applied to taxa that are giants oftheir kind.
References	Bourguignon, T. 2002. Strumpfbandnattern: Herkunft - Pflege - Arten. E. Ulmer Verlag, 125 pp. Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92 Fitch,H.C. 1940. A biogeographical study of the ordinoides artenkreis of garter snakes (genus Thamnophis). Univ. California Publ. Zool. 44: 1-150 Fulton, A M & Muñoz, D A; 2018. Thamnophis gigas (Giant Gartersnake) Diet. Herpetological Review 49 (4): 764-765 - get paper here HALLAS, JOSHUA M.; THOMAS L. PARCHMAN & CHRIS R. FELDMAN. 2021. Phylogenomic analyses resolve relationships among garter snakes (Thamnophis: Natricinae: Colubridae) and elucidate biogeographic history and morphological evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107374. [2022 in print] - get paper here Hallmen, M. & Chlebowy, J. 2001. Strumpfbandnattern. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 192 pp. - get paper here Halstead, B.J., G.D. Wylie & M.L. Casazza 2010. Habitat Suitability and Conservation of the Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) in the Sacramento Valley of California Copeia 2010 (4): 591-599. - get paper here Hansen, Eric C., Rick D. Scherer, Gary C. White, Brett G. Dickson and Erica Fleishman. 2015. Estimates of Survival Probability from Two Populations of Giant Gartersnakes in California’s Great Central Valley. Copeia 103 (4): 1026-1036 - get paper here Hansen, Eric C.; Rick D. Scherer, Erica Fleishman, Brett G. Dickson, and Dave Krolick 2017. Relations between Environmental Attributes and Contemporary Occupancy of Threatened Giant Gartersnakes (Thamnophis gigas). Journal of Herpetology 51 (2): 274-283. - get paper here O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here Queiroz, Alan de; Robin Lawson and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of North American Garter Snakes (Thamnophis) Based on Four Mitochondrial Genes: How Much DNA Sequence Is Enough? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22: 315-329 - get paper here Rodríguez-Robles, Javier A., Good, David A., Wake, David B. 2003. Brief History of Herpetology in the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, with a List of Type Specimens of Recent Amphibians and Reptiles. UC Publications in Zoology, 119 pp. - get paper here Rose, Jonathan P.; Julia S.M. Ersan, Glenn D. Wylie, Michael L. Casazza, and Brian J. Halstead 2018. Reproductive Frequency and Size-dependence of Fecundity in the Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas). Herp. Cons. Biol. 13 (1): 80–90 - get paper here Rossman, Douglas A.; Ford, Neil B. & Seigel, Richard A. 1996. The Garter Snakes: Evolution and Ecology. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, xx + 332 + pp. Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wylie, Glenn D.; Michael L. Casazza, Christopher J. Gregory, and Brian J. Halstead 2010. Abundance and Sexual Size Dimorphism of the Giant Gartersnake (Thamnophis gigas) in the Sacramento Valley of California. Journal of Herpetology 44 (1): 94–103 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.pitt.edu/~mcs2/herp/snake.pics/T_gigas.gif Google images

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