Thamnophis exsul ROSSMAN, 1969

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Montane Garter Snake G: Zwerg-Strumpfbandnatter S: Jarretera Mexicana Exilada
Synonym	Thamnophis exsul ROSSMAN 1969 Thamnophis exsul — ROSSMAN et al. 1989 Thamnophis exsul — LINER 1992 Thamnophis exsul — LINER 1994 Thamnophis exsul — WALLACH et al. 2014: 722
Distribution	Mexico (Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, Coahuila) Type locality: relatively dry pine forest, 11 mi. E, 3.5 mi S San Antonio de las Alazanas, Coahuila, ca. 9,100 feet elevation.
Reproduction	ovoviviparous
Types	Holotype: USNM 166423, adult female
Diagnosis
Comment	Smallest member of the genus with a maximal total length of 46 cm. Not listed by Liner 2007.
Etymology	Named after the Latin “exsul” meaning "banished person", in reference to its geographic isolation from its closest relatives.
References	Bourguignon, T. 2002. Strumpfbandnattern: Herkunft - Pflege - Arten. E. Ulmer Verlag, 125 pp. HALLAS, JOSHUA M.; THOMAS L. PARCHMAN & CHRIS R. FELDMAN. 2021. Phylogenomic analyses resolve relationships among garter snakes (Thamnophis: Natricinae: Colubridae) and elucidate biogeographic history and morphological evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107374. [2022 in print] - get paper here Hallmen, M. & Chlebowy, J. 2001. Strumpfbandnattern. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 192 pp. - get paper here Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp Lazcano D, Nevárez-de los Reyes M, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, Wilson LD. 2019. The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [General Section]: 31–94 (e189) - get paper here Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Cruz A 2016. Amphibians and Reptiles of the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. ZooKeys 594: 123-141, doi: 10.3897/zookeys.594.8289 - get paper here Liner E A 1992. Thamnophis exsul. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 549: 1-2 - get paper here Nevárez-de-los-Reyes, Manuel, David Lazcano, Elí García-Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The Herpetofauna of Nuevo León, Mexico: Composition, Distribution, and Conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 558–638 - get paper here Queiroz, Alan de; Robin Lawson and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of North American Garter Snakes (Thamnophis) Based on Four Mitochondrial Genes: How Much DNA Sequence Is Enough? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22: 315-329 - get paper here Rossman, D. A.; Liner, E. A.;Trevino, C. H.; Chaney, A. H. 1989. Redescription of the garter snake Thamnophis exsul Rossman, 1969 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 102 (2): 507-514 - get paper here Rossman, Douglas A. 1969. A new Natricine snake of the genus Thamnophis from Northern Mexico. Occasional papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University (39): 1-4 - get paper here Terán-Juárez, Sergio A., Elí García Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 43–113 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information https://www.facebook.com/groups/stshc/posts/394759449415326 Google images

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