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Thamnophis ordinoides (BAIRD & GIRARD, 1852)

IUCN Red List - Thamnophis ordinoides - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Northwestern Garter Snake, Puget Sound Garter snake
G: Nordwestliche Strumpfbandnatter 
SynonymTropidonotus ordinoides BAIRD & GIRARD 1852: 176
Eutaenia ordinoides — BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 300
Eutaenia ordinoides — BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 33
Eutainia leptocephala BAIRD & GIRARD 1853: 29
Eutainia cooperi KENNICOTT in COOPER 1860: 296
Tropidonotus sirtalis var. leptocephala — JAN 1863: 69
Tropidonotus leptocephala — BOULENGER 1893: 201
Thamnophis leptocephalus olympia MEEK 1899: 235
Thamnophis rubristriata MEEK in MEEK & ELLIOT 1899: 235
Euraenia sirtalis leptocephala – BROWN 1901: 30
Thamnophis ordinoides — RUTHVEN 1908: 147
Thamnophis ordinoides – FITCH 1940
Thamnophis ordinoides — STEBBINS 1985: 208
Thamnophis ordinoides — CROTHER 2000
Thamnophis ordinoides — SCHMIDT & KUNZ 2005
Thamnophis ordinoides — WALLACH et al. 2014: 724 
DistributionCanada (SW British Columbia),
USA (W Washington, W Oregon, NW California, Alaska ?)

Type locality: Puget Sound.

leptocephala: Washington; Type locality: Puget Sound.

rubristriata: Type-locality, "Olympic Mountains," restricted to Port Angeles, Clallam County, Washington by Marx (1958)  
Reproductionovoviviparous (listed as viviparous by Blackburn 1994). 
TypesHolotype: unlocated, lost fide Kirk, 1979: 233.1.
Holotype: FMNH
Syntype: USNM 961 [Eutainia leptocephala] 
DiagnosisDescription: Kirk 1979

Detailed description: Rossman 1996: 218 
CommentDiet: specialized on worms and snails. 
References
  • Adams, Michael J.; West, Stephen D.; Kalmbach, Lorrie. 1999. Amphibian and reptile surveys of U.S. Navy lands on the Kitsap and Toandos Peninsulas, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 80 (1):1-7 - get paper here
  • Allen, W. L., R. Baddeley, N. E. Scott-Samuel, and I. C. Cuthill. 2013. The evolution and function of pattern diversity in snakes. Behav. Ecol. 24:1237– 1250
  • Baird, S.F. and Girard,C. 1852. Descriptions of new species of reptiles, collected by the U.S. exploring expedition under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. First part. - Including the species from the Western coast of America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 6: 174-177 - get paper here
  • Baird,S.F. and Girard,C. 1853. List of reptiles collected in California by Dr. John L. Le Conte, with description of new species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1853: 300-302 - get paper here
  • Bell, Katie A. H. and Patrick T. Gregory. 2014. White blood cells in Northwestern Gartersnakes (Thamnophis ordinoides). Herpetology Notes 7: 535-541 - get paper here
  • Blackburn, D.G. 1994. Standardized criteria for the recognition of embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles. Copeia 1994 (4): 925-935 - get paper here
  • Bourguignon, T. 2002. Strumpfbandnattern: Herkunft - Pflege - Arten. E. Ulmer Verlag, 125 pp.
  • Brown, A.E. 1901. A review of the Genera and Species of American Snakes, North of Mexico. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 53: 10-110 - get paper here
  • Burbrink FT, Futterman I. 2019. Female‐ biased gape and body-size dimorphism in the New World watersnakes (tribe: Thamnophiini) oppose predictions from Rensch's rule. Ecol Evol. 00:1–10
  • Cooper, J. G. 1860. Report on the reptiles collected on the survey. Pacific Railroad Survey . . . 1853-1854 2: 292-306, plates 12-31
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Dixon-MacCallum, G. P. and K. A. H. Bell 2016. Thamnophis ordinoides (Northwestern Gartersnake) reproduction. Herpetological Review 47(3): 486-487. - get paper here
  • Fitch, H. S. 1936. Amphibians and reptiles of the Rouge River Basin, Oregon. American Midland Naturalist 17: 634-652 - get paper here
  • Fitch,H.C. 1940. A biogeographical study of the ordinoides artenkreis of garter snakes (genus Thamnophis). Univ. California Publ. Zool. 44: 1-150
  • Fitch,H.C. 1948. Further remarks concerning Thamnophis ordinoides. Copeia 1948 (2): 121-136 - get paper here
  • Fox,W. 1948. The relationships of the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides. Copeia 1948 (2): 113-120 - get paper here
  • Gregory, Linda. 2012. Thamnophis ordinoides Northwestern Garter Snake - Couleuvre du Nord-Ouest. The Canadian Herpetologist 2 (1): 5-7
  • Grübner, Daniel 2014. Farbformen bei Strumpfbandnattern. Ein Blick in die Vergangenheit, das Heute und die Trends von Morgen. Draco 16 (57): 16-27 - get paper here
  • HALLAS, JOSHUA M.; THOMAS L. PARCHMAN & CHRIS R. FELDMAN. 2021. Phylogenomic analyses resolve relationships among garter snakes (Thamnophis: Natricinae: Colubridae) and elucidate biogeographic history and morphological evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107374. [2022 in print] - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. 2006. Strumpfbandnattern im Freilandterrarium. Draco 6 (25): 102-113 - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. & Chlebowy, J. 2000. Haltung und Zucht von Strumpfbandnattern. Reptilia (Münster) 5 (23): 22-27 - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. & Chlebowy, J. 2001. Strumpfbandnattern. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 192 pp. - get paper here
  • Hallmen, M. & Grübner, D. 2006. Überblick über die Gattung Thamnophis. Draco 6 (25): 6-24 - get paper here
  • Hart, J. 1934. Melanistic Garter Snake Recorded from Vancouver Island. Copeia, 1934(3), 142-142 - get paper here
  • Hebard, William B. 1951. Notes on the life history of the Puget Sound garter snake, Thamnophis ordinoides. Herpetologica 7: 177-179 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1863. Elenco Sistematico degli Ofidi descriti e disegnati per l'Iconografia Generale. Milano, A. Lombardi. vii + 143 pp. - get paper here
  • Kirk J J 1979. Thamnophis ordinoides (Baird and Girard). Northwestern garter snake. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 233: 1-2 - get paper here
  • Leonard, William P.;Darda, David M. 1995. Thamnophis ordinoides. Herpetological Review 26 (2): 110 - get paper here
  • Meek, S. E. 1899. Zool Ser. Field Mus Nat. Hist 1: 235
  • Neuman-Lee, Lorin A.; Suzanne E. McGaugh, Michael Pfrender, and Fredric J. Janzen 2011. Using Mitochondrial DNA to Determine the Identity and Origin of a Gartersnake Found in Alaska. Journal of Herpetology 45 (1): 63-65. - get paper here
  • Nussbaum, R.A., Brodie, E.D., Jr., & Storm, R.M. 1983. Amphibians and reptiles of the Pacific Northwest. Univ. Press of Idaho, Moscow 332 pp.
  • O’Connor, A. 2012. The Columbia River george. HerpNation (9): 20-21 - get paper here
  • Queiroz, Alan de; Robin Lawson and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2002. Phylogenetic Relationships of North American Garter Snakes (Thamnophis) Based on Four Mitochondrial Genes: How Much DNA Sequence Is Enough? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 22: 315-329 - get paper here
  • Rossman, Douglas A.; Ford, Neil B. & Seigel, Richard A. 1996. The Garter Snakes: Evolution and Ecology. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, xx + 332 + pp.
  • Schmidt, D. & Kunz, K. 2005. Ernährung von Schlangen. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 159 pp. - get paper here
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Thompson, Joseph C. 1914. The variations exhibited by Thamnophis ordinoides (Baird and Girard), a gartersnake inhabiting the Sausalito Peninsula, California. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 47 (2051): 351-360 - get paper here
  • Thompson, Joseph C. 1917. The variation exhibited by Thamnophis ordinoides (Baird and Girard), a garter snake inhabiting the San Francisco Peninsula. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 52 (2179): 345-366 - get paper here
  • Vitt, L.J. 1974. Body Temperatures of High Latitude Reptiles Copeia 1974 (1): 255-256. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Westphal, Michael F. 2006. On the Evolution of Correlated Color Traits in Garter Snakes. PhD Dissertation, Oregon State University, 180 pp. - get paper here
  • Wood, John Thornton;Wilkinson, Robert Holden 1952. Size variations and sexual dimorphisms in a brood of common garter snakes, Thamnophis o. ordinoides (L.). Virginia Journal of Science 3 (3): 202-205
 
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