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Toenayar novemcarinata (ANDERSON, 1871)

IUCN Red List - Toenayar novemcarinata - Least Concern, LC

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Mabuyinae (Mabuyini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Anderson's Mabuya, Nine-keeled Sun Skink
G: Neunkiel-Mabuye 
SynonymEuprepes novem-carinatus ANDERSON 1871: 12
Mabuya novemcarinata — BOULENGER 1887: 179
Mabuia doriae BOULENGER 1887 (fide SMITH 1935)
Mabuya novemcarinata — SMITH 1935: 261
Mabuya novemcarinata — TAYLOR 1963: 941
Mabuya novemcarinata — ZUG et al. 1998
Eutropis novemcarinata — MAUSFELD et al. 2002
Eutropis novemcarinata — GRISMER 2011: 579
Toenayar novemcarinata — KARIN et al. 2016 
DistributionSunda Region, Thailand, Burma (= Myanmar), Peninsular Malaysia

Type locality: “Mandalay, Upper Burmah” [= Burma]  
Reproductionoviparous (phylogenetic imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: ZSI (fide Smith 1935), where it cannot be located at present (Das et al. 1998)
Holotype: BMNH 1882.10.3.7 [doriae] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 3707 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: Not listed for India by DAS 1996 but by DAS 1997, 2003. Occurrence in India is questionable as there are no known/published records. This species has not been seen on Penang island since the report of Flower 1896.

Type species: Euprepes novemcarinatus ANDERSON 1871: 12 is the type species of the genus Toenayar KARIN et al. 2016.

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
EtymologyThe genus name comes from the mythology of Myanmar, in which the Toenayar (Pronunciation: ‘‘Toh-Ay-Nah-Yar”), from the Burmese language, is a mythical Dragon or serpent with four legs. The Burmese language has no grammatical gender, but we treat the scientific name, Toenayar, as feminine. 
References
  • Anderson, J. 1871. A list of the reptilian accession to the Indian Museum, Calcutta, from 1865 to 1870, with a description of some new species. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, 40, part 11(1): 12-39. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1887. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropsidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. London: 575 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Das, I. 1997. Checklist of the reptiles of India with English common names. Hamadryad 22 (1): 32-45 - get paper here
  • Das, Indraneil 2003. Growth of Knowledge on the Reptiles of India, with an Introduction to Systematics, Taxonomy and Nomenclature. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 100 (2-3): 446-502 - get paper here
  • Das,I. 1996. Biogeography of the Reptiles of South Asia. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida
  • GRISMER, L. LEE; & EVAN S. H. QUAH 2019. An updated and annotated checklist of the lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, and their adjacent archipelagos. Zootaxa 4545 (2): 230–248 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L.L. 2011. Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and their adjacent archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 728 pp. [review in Herp. Rev. 43: 155] - get paper here
  • Karin, B.R., Metallinou, M., Weinell, J.L., Jackman, T.R., Bauer, A.M. 2016. Resolving the higher-order phylogenetic relationships of the circumtropical Mabuya group (Squamata: Scincidae): An out-of-Asia diversification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 102: 220–232 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1935. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptiles and Amphibia, Vol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp.
  • Taylor, E.H. 1963. The lizards of Thailand. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 44: 687-1077. - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
  • Zug, George R.;Win, Htun;Thin, Thin;Min, Than Zaw;Lhon, Win Zaw;Kyaw, Kyaw 1998. Herpetofauna of the Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, north-central Myanmar with preliminary observations of their Natural History. Hamadryad 23 (2): 111-120 - get paper here
 
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