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Toxicocalamus nigrescens KRAUS, 2017

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Higher TaxaElapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymToxicocalamus nigrescens KRAUS 2017 
DistributionPapua New Guinea (Milne Bay Province)

Type locality: S slope Oya Waka, 9.4562°S, 150.5596°E (WGS84), 980 m elevation, Fergusson Island, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: BPBM 16545 (field tag FK 6388), collected by P. Robert on 10 September 2002. Paratype: BPBM 16544. Papua New Guinea: Milne Bay Province: Fergusson Island: Basima, 9.4683°S, 150.8315°E, 0–10 m elevation. 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2309 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentHabitat: primary foothill rain forest with a moderately tall canopy reaching ~30 m and a fairly dense understory. The area had sparse moss development on the ground.

Morphologically, T. nigrescens is most easily distinguished from T. loriae by size and color-pattern characteristics, but head shape also appears different in life, and this may be quantified by focusing on two features: T. nigrescens has a relatively longer snout and relatively smaller eye than does T. loriae (Fig. 4 in Kraus 2017). This gives the head of T. nigrescens a distinctly different appearance than that of T. loriae (Fig. 1A vs. 1B). I noted the difference in snout shape in the diagnosis for T. nigrescens, because adult ratios were nonoverlapping for that feature and easily summarized diagnostically. On the other hand, differences in both snout-shape and eye-size characters between the species are most evident when viewed ontogenetically, with the two species having diverging trajectories (Fig. 4). Snout shape is the more divergent of the two, but T. nigrescens also has a relatively smaller eye at any given size than does T. loriae (Fig. 4B), although this difference is most easily seen in a bivariate plot rather than expressed as a simple ratio. 
EtymologyThe name is a Latin nominative single-ending adjective meaning both ‘‘blackish’’ and ‘‘blackening,’’ the former describing the feature that most immediately distinguishes it from the related T. loriae and the latter reflecting its ontogenetic change in color. 
References
  • Kraus, Fred 2017. Two New Species of Toxicocalamus (Squamata: Elapidae) from Papua New Guinea. Journal of Herpetology 51 (4): 574-581 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, Mark; Allen Allison, Hinrich Kaiser 2018. The taxonomic history of the enigmatic Papuan snake genus Toxicocalamus (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with the description of a new species from the Managalas Plateau of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, and a revised dichotomous key. Amphibia-Reptilia 39 (4): 403-433 - get paper here
 
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