Toxicocalamus grandis (BOULENGER, 1914)

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Setekwa River forest snake
Synonym	Apistocalamus grandis BOULENGER 1914: 265 Toxicocalamus grandis — WELCH 1994: 113 Toxicocalamus grandis — KRAUS 2009 Toxicocalamus grandis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 732 Toxicocalamus grandis — O’SHEA et al. 2015
Distribution	Indonesia (Irian Jaya) Type locality: Launch camp, Setekwa, R., Irian Jaya
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.18.34
Diagnosis	Original description: “Snout short, broadly rounded. Rostral broader than deep, just visible from above ; internasals not quite half the length of the præfrontals; frontal once and one-fifth as long as broad, as long as its distance from the end of the snout, much shorter than the parietals; nostril between two nasals, widely separated from the internasal and the first labial; preocular once and one-third as long as deep, in contact with the posterior nasal: one postocular; temporals 1+2; six upper labials, third and fourth entering the eye, last largest; three lower labials in contact with the anterior chin shields, which are a little larger than the posterior. Scales in 15 rows. Ventrals 207 ; anal divided subcaudals 27. Dark brown above, with irregular whitish blotches; upper lip and lower parts white. Total length 940 mm.; tail 80.” (Boulenger 1914)
Comment	Known only from a single specimen (O’Shea et al. 2018: 408). Habitat: fossorial (digging) Behavior: diurnal Venomous!
Etymology	Named after its large size.
References	Boulenger, G.A. 1914. An annotated list of the batrachians and reptiles collected by the British Ornithologists' Union Expedition and the Wollaston Expedition in Dutch New Guinea. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 20 (5): 247-275 - get paper here Kraus, Fred 2009. NEW SPECIES OF TOXICOCALAMUS (SQUAMATA: ELAPIDAE) FROM PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Herpetologica 65 (4): 460 - get paper here McDowell, Samuel B. 1969. Toxicocalamus, a New Guinea genus of snakes of the family Elapidae. Journal of Zoology, London 159: 443-511 - get paper here O'Shea,M. 1996. A Guide to the Snakes of Papua New Guinea. Independent Publishing, Port Moresby, xii + 239 pp. - get paper here O’Shea M, Herlihy B, Paivu B, Parker F, Richards SJ, Kaiser H. 2018. Rediscovery of the rare Star Mountains Worm-eating Snake, Toxicocalamus ernstmayri O’Shea et al., 2015 (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) with the description of its coloration in life. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12(1): 27–34 - get paper here O’Shea, Mark; Allen Allison, Hinrich Kaiser 2018. The taxonomic history of the enigmatic Papuan snake genus Toxicocalamus (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae), with the description of a new species from the Managalas Plateau of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea, and a revised dichotomous key. Amphibia-Reptilia 39 (4): 403-433 - get paper here O’Shea, Mark; Fred Parker, and Hinrich Kaiser 2015. A New Species of New Guinea Worm-Eating Snake, Genus Toxicocalamus (Serpentes: Elapidae), From the Star Mountains of Western Province, Papua New Guinea, With a Revised Dichotomous Key to the Genus. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 161 (6): 241-264. - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List Google images

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