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Trapelus sanguinolentus (PALLAS, 1814)

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesTrapelus sanguinolentus aralensis (LICHTENSTEIN 1823)
Trapelus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus (PALLAS 1827) 
Common NamesE: Steppe Agama
G: Steppenagame
Russian: Степная агама
Chinese: 草原蜥 
SynonymLacerta sanguinolenta PALLAS 1814: 23
Agama Sanguinolenta — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1851
Agama sanguinolenta — BOULENGER 1885: 343
Agama agilis sanguinolenta — WERMUTH 1967: 6
Agama sanguinolenta — LANGERWERF 1979
Agama sanguinolenta — ORLOWA 1981
Trapelus sanguinolentus — ENGELMANN et al 1993
Trapelus sanguinolentus — MANTHEY & SCHUSTER 1999: 106
Trapelus agilis sanguinolentus — SINDACO & JEREMČENKO 2008
Trapelus agilis sanguinolentus — RASTEGAR-POUYANI et al. 2008
Trapelus agilis sanguinolentus — NASRABADI et al. 2017

Trapelus sanguinolentus aralensis (LICHTENSTEIN 1823)
Agama aralensis LICHTENSTEIN 1823: 144
Trapelus aralensis — EVERSMANN 1834: 366
Agama aralensis — MERTENS & MÜLLER 1940
Trapelus sanguinolentus aralensis — DAVLETBAKOV et al. 2016
Trapelus sanguinolentus aralensis — SHESTOPAL et al. 2021 
DistributionSoviet Union, Russia (Dagestan), E Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, SW Tajikistan, E shore of Caspian Sea eastward to E Kazakhstan and southward to N Iran and N Afghanistan, NW China (W Xinjiang)

aralensis: Type locality: “in dem ganzen Strich östlich vom Aralsee”. Kazakhstan (LAMBERT 2002).

Type locality: Terek River Valley. “Hügelland Kum-Ankatar am Terek-Fluss, Kaukasien” (fide WERMUTH 1967).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: unlocated (Anderson 1999, Lizards of Iran)
Syntypes: ZMB 753, ZMB 754 (missing), ZMB 755, ZMB 756, ZMB 757, ZMB 758, ZMB 54811-12 (was ZMB 758 part), "Aralsee", leg. Eversmann [aralensis] 
Diagnosis 
CommentSynonymy: Has been synonymized with Trapelus agilis by Rastegar-Pouyani 1998. Shahamat et al. 2020 found paraphyly within Trapelus sanguinolentus and T. agilis which requires fundamental revision.

History: The year of PALLAS’ description is sometimes given as “1827” and sometimes as “1814”. For the publication date of Pallas 1814 (vs. 1831) see ICZN Opinion 212.

Distribution: See map in SMID et al. 2014 for distribution in Iran. 
EtymologyProbably named after Latin sanguis (“blood”) +‎ -eus, for "of or relating to blood" or "bloody" or "bloodred", a reference to the color of species, which is sometimes reddish on the ventral side or shows reddish spots on the dorsum. 
References
  • Ananjeva, N. & Orlov, N. 2005. Lizards of North Eurasia. Reptilia (GB) (38): 54-63 - get paper here
  • Ananjeva, Natalia B. 2012. Research on Asian Agamid Lizards: Contribution of Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Russ. J. Herpetol. 19 (2): 85-100 - get paper here
  • ANANJEVA, Natalia B.; Xianguang GUO and Yuezhao WANG 2011. Taxonomic Diversity of Agamid Lizards (Reptilia, Sauria, Acrodonta, Agamidae) from China: A Comparative Analysis. Asian Herpetological Research 2 (3): 117-128 - get paper here
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  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Brushko, Z.K. 1995. Lizards of desert regions of Kazakhstan. [in Russian] Kazakhstan National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Almaty, 232 pp.
  • CHIRIKOVA, M. A., Y. A. ZIMA, M. V. PESTOV, AND V. A. TERENTYEV 2020. Biodiversity of the Herpetofauna of the Muyunkum Desert, Kazakhstan. Herpetological Review 51: 438-446.
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  • ICZN 1954. OPINION 212: DESIGNATION OF THE DATES TO BE ACCEPTED AS THE DATES OF PUBLICATION OF THE SEVERAL VOLUMES OF PALLAS (P.S.), "ZOOGRAPHIA ROSSO-ASIATICA". Opinions and declarations rendered by the ICZN 4 (2): 15-24
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  • Leviton, Alan E. 1959. Report on a collection of reptiles from Afghanistan. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 29 (12): 445-463 - get paper here
  • Lichtenstein 1823. Amphibien. in: Evermann, Reise nach Buchara: 144. - get paper here
  • Macey, J. R., J. A. Schulte II, A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, Y. Wang, R. Pethiyagoda, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, T. J. Papenfuss 2000. Evaluating trans-Tethys migration: an example using acrodont lizard phylogenetics. Systematic Biology 49 (2): 233-256 - get paper here
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  • Novák, Karel; Petr Velenský, Oldrich Kopecký 2020. Signaling, Agonistic Behavior, and Life-History Traits of Steppe Agama (Trapelus sanguinolentus) in Prague Zoo. Russian Journal of Herpetology 27 (6): 334-340 - get paper here
  • Orlowa, Walentina F. 1981. Agama sanguinolenta - Steppenagame. In: Böhme,W. (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band I., Echsen I. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden, pp. 149-160
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  • Shahamat A, Rastegarpouyani E, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Hosseinian Yousefkhani SS, Wink M. 2020. Molecular phylogeny and intraspecific differentiation of the Trapelus agilis species complex in Iran (Squamata: Agamidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. PeerJ 8:e8295 - get paper here
  • Shestopal A., Amanov A., Ovezov T. 2021. An overview of reptiles from the Kaplankyr Nature Reserve and adjacent territories. [in Russian] Proc. Inst. Zool., Kazakhstan, pp. 105-126 - get paper here
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