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Trilepida dimidiata (JAN, 1861)

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Higher TaxaLeptotyphlopidae, Epictinae, Epictini, Typhlopoidea, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Dainty Blind Snake
Portuguese: Cobra-Cega 
SynonymStenostoma dimidiatum JAN 1861: 188
Glauconia dimidiata — BOULENGER 1893: 64
Leptotyphlops dimidiata — AMARAL 1929: 76
Leptotyphlops dimidiatus — OREJAS-MIRANDA 1967
Leptotyphlops dimidiatus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 27
Rena dimidiata — ADALSTEINSSON, BRANCH, TRAPE, VITT & HEDGES 2009
Tricheilostoma dimidiatum — PINTO & FERNANDES 2012
Tricheilostoma dimidiatum — COLE et al. 2013
Trilepida dimidiata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 738
Trilepida dimidiatum — FELDMAN et al. 2015
Trilepida dimidiata — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionGuyana, Suriname, N Brazil, SE Venezuela ?

Type locality: Brazil, restricted by PETERS & OREJAS MIRANDA (1970:169) to San Marcos, near confluence of Rios Uriracuera and Tacutu, both tributaries of Rio Branco, Territorio de Roraima, Brazil; neotype locality: Brazil, State of Roraima, Boa Vista Municipality, São Marcos, 03°05’N, 60°25’W, elevation 75 m.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesNeotype: IBSP 24011, adult female, Alphonse Richard Hoge expedition, 27 May 1964.
Holotype: MSNM. - destroyed (according to HAHN 1980) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Tricheilostoma dimidiatum can be distinguished from other congeneric species by the following combination of characters: snout rounded in dorsal and ventral views, obtusely rounded in lateral view; supraocular present; ocular subhexagonal with anterior border slightly rounded at eye level and superior border straight; rostral subtriangular in dorsal view, not reaching (67%) or reaching (33%) anterior border of ocular scales; frontal longer than other middorsal cephalic shields, slightly smaller than supraocular; temporal not distinct (74%) or distinct (26%); two supralabials (1+1); four infralabials; robust body width (43.1 6 8.9); 198–215 middorsal in females and 191–214 in males; 185–200 ventral in females and 175–197 in males; 13–16 subcaudal in females and 12–18 in males; fused caudals present; 10 scales around middle of tail; and seven dorsal scales rows with pale brown pigmentation in contrast with seven unpigmented ventral rows that are cream [from PINTO & FERNANDES 2012]. 
CommentNot listed by GASC & RODRIGUES 1980.

Synonymy: WALLACH et al. 2014: 724 list this species under Trilepida without justification. They cite Pinto 2010 but that paper neither mentions Trilepida nor dimidiatum.

Distribution: Not listed for French Guiana by STARACE 1998. The first mention of the species in Venezuela was apparently by Lancini (1979), who based the record on Orejas-Miranda (1966, 1969) and cited the species from the country with no voucher mentioned. Hence, RIVAS et al. 2012 do not include it in their list of Venezuelan reptiles although most likely it occurs there. See map in Nogueira et al. 2019. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin dimidiata, halved, divided in half. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Adalsteinsson, S.A.; Branch, W.R.; Trapé, S.; Vitt, L.J. & Hedges, S.B. 2009. Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of snakes of the Family Leptotyphlopidae (Reptilia, Squamata). Zootaxa 2244: 1-50 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1929. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos ophidios do Brasil. IV. Lista remissiva dos ophidios do Brasil. Mem. Inst. Butantan, Sao Paulo, 4: 71-125 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Cole, Charles J.; Carol R. Townsend, Robert P. Reynolds, Ross D. MacCulloch, and Amy Lathrop 2013. Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125 (4): 317-578; plates: 580-620 - get paper here
  • Franca, F.G.R.; Mesquita, Daniel Oliveira and Guarino Rinaldi Colli 2006. A CHECKLIST OF SNAKES FROM AMAZONIAN SAVANNAS IN BRAZIL, HOUSED IN THE COLEÇÃO HERPETOLÓGICA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA, WITH NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS. Occ. Pap. Oklahoma Mus. Nat. Hist., Univ. Oklahoma 17: 1-13
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Hedges, S.B., Marion, A.B., Lipp, K.M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. 2014. A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology 49: 1–61 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1861. Iconographie générale des ophidiens. 2. Livraison. J.B. Bailière et Fils, Paris - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1862. Note sulla famiglia dei Tiflopidi, sui loro generi e sulle specie del genere Stenostoma. Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol. Genova 1 [1861]: 178-199 - get paper here
  • Lancini,A.R. & Kornacker,P.M. 1989. Die Schlangen von Venezuela. Armitano Editores C.A., Caracas, 1-381
  • Martins, A., Koch, C., Joshi, M., Pinto, R., & Passos, P. 2021. Picking up the threads: Comparative osteology and associated cartilaginous elements for members of the genus Trilepida Hedges, 2011 (Serpentes, Leptotyphlopidae) with new insights on the Epictinae systematics. The Anatomical Record, 1– 34 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Natera-Mumaw, Marco; Luis Felipe Esqueda-González & Manuel Castelaín-Fernández 2015. Atlas Serpientes de Venezuela. Santiago de Chile, Dimacofi Negocios Avanzados S.A., 456 pp. - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Orejas-Miranda 1967. El genero Leptotyphlops en la region Amazonica. in Lent, H., ed., Atas do Simposio sobre a Biota Amazonica (Conselho Nac. de Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro, 7 v.) Vol. 5 (Zoologia): 421-442.
  • Passos, P.; Daramaschi, U. & Pino, R.R. 2005. Rediscovery and redescription of Leptotyphlops salgueiroi AMARAL, 1954 (Squamata, Serpentes, Leptotyphlopidae). Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro (Zoologia) (520): 1-10
  • Passos, Paulo; Caramaschi, Ulisses; Pinto, Roberta R. 2006. Redescription of Leptotyphlops koppesi Amaral, 1954, and description of a new species of the Leptotyphlops dulcis group from Central Brazil (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 27 (3): 347-357 - get paper here
  • Pinto, Roberta R. and Ronaldo Fernandes 2012. A New Blind Snake Species of the Genus Tricheilostoma from Espinhaço Range, Brazil and Taxonomic Status of Rena dimidiata (Jan, 1861) (Serpentes: Epictinae: Leptotyphlopidae). Copeia 2012 (1): 37-48. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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