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Trimorphodon lyrophanes (COPE, 1860)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Baja California Lyre Snake
G: Baja California-Lyraschlange
S: Ilamacoa de California 
SynonymLycodon lyrophanes COPE 1860: 343
Trimorphodon lyrophanes — COPE 1870: 152
Trimorphodon lyrophanes — MOCQUARD 1899: 330
Trimorphodon lyrophanes — COPE 1900: 1102
Trimorphodon vandenburghi KLAUBER 1924: 17
Lycognathus lyrophanes — COCHRAN 1961: 164
Trimorphodon vandenburghi — LOOMIS & STEPHENS 1967
Trimorphodon biscutatus vandenburghi — GEHLBACH 1971: 208
Trimorphodon biscutatus lyrophanes — GEHLBACH 1971: 208
Trimorphodon biscutatus lyrophanes — MURPHY & OTTLEY 1984
Trimorphodon biscutatus vandenburghi — SCOTT & MCDIARMID 1984
Trimorphodon vandenburghi — SHINE 1994
Trimorphodon biscutatus lyrophanes — GRISMER et al. 1994
Trimorphodon biscutatus lyrophanes — CROTHER 2000
Trimorphodon lyrophanes — DEVITT et al. 2008
Trimorphodon lyrophanes — WALLACH et al. 2014: 744 
DistributionUSA (S California)
Mexico (Baja California Sur)

Type locality: “Cape St. Lucas, Lower California”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: USNM 4680, male and female; ANSP 10146 (unlocated fide Scott & McDiarmid 1984)
Holotype: CAS 58172, male [vandenburghi] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (859 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentHabitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after the lyre-shaped markings on the nape.

T. vandenburghi was named in honor of John Van Denburgh, the eminent herpetologist of the California Academy of Sciences. 
References
  • CLAUSE, ADAM G. 2021. Geographic distribution: TRIMORPHODON LYROPHANES (California Lyresnake). USA: CALIFORNIA: San Bernardino Co. Herpetological Review 52 (3): 580–581. - get paper here
  • Cochran, Doris M. 1961. Type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum. [type catalogue] Bull. US Natl. Mus. (220): xvi + 291 pp. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1861. Notes and descriptions of new and little-known species of American reptiles. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12: 339-345 [1860] - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1870. Seventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 11: 147-169 [1869] - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Crother, B. I. (ed.) 2012. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles, and Crocodilians, Seventh Edition. Herpetological Circular 39: 1-92
  • Devitt, T.J. 2006. PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF THE WESTERN LYRE SNAKE (TRIMORPHODON BISCUTATUS): TESTING ARIDLAND BIOGEOGRAPHICAL HYPOTHESES ACROSS THE NEARCTIC–NEOTROPICAL TRANSITION. Molecular Ecology 15: 4387-4407 - get paper here
  • Devitt, Thomas J.; Travis J. LaDuc, and Jimmy A. McGuire 2008. The Trimorphodon biscutatus (Squamata: Colubridae) Species Complex Revisited: A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Geographic Variation. Copeia 2008 (2): 370–387 - get paper here
  • Gehlbach, F. R. 1971. Lyre snakes in the Trimorphodon biscutatus complex: a taxonomic resume. Herpetologica 27: 200-211. - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. L.; McGuire, J. A.; Hollingsworth, B. D. 1994. A report on the herpetofauna of the Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California, Mexico, with a discussion of its biogeographic and taxonomic implications. Bull. Southern California Acad. Sci. 93 (2): 45-80
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Klauber, L.M. 1924. Notes on the distribution of snakes in San Diego County, California. Bull. Zool. Soc. San Diego 1: 1-22 - get paper here
  • Loomis, Richard B.;Stephens, Robert C. 1967. Additional notes on snakes taken in or near Joshua Tree National Monument, California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 66 (1): 1-22 - get paper here
  • Mocquard, M.F. 1899. Contribution a la faune herpétologique de la Basse-Californie. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Natur.Paris, 4th Series, Vol. 1: 297-343 + plates XI-XIII - get paper here
  • Murphy, R. W.; Ottley, J. R. 1984. Distribution of amphibians and reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 53 (8): 207-230 - get paper here
  • Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142
  • Powers, A. 1974. The Systematic Status of Trimorphodon lyrophanes Cope on Cerralvo Island, Gulf of California, Mexico Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 10(2): 53-55. - get paper here
  • Scott, N. J., & MCDIARMID, R. W. 1984. Trimorphodon biscutatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (353): 1-4. - get paper here
  • Shine, Richard 1994. Sexual size dimorphism in snakes revisited. Copeia 1994 (2): 326-346 - get paper here
  • Van Denburgh, John and Joseph R. Slevin 1913. A list of the amphibians and reptiles of Arizona, with notes on the species in the collection of the Academy. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3 (13): 391-454 - get paper here
  • Van Denburgh,J. 1895. A review of the herpetology of Lower California. Part I - Reptiles. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2) 5: 77-163 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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