Tropidurus azurduyae CARVALHO, RIVAS, CÉSPEDES & RODRIGUES, 2018
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Tropidurus azurduyae
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| Higher Taxa | Tropiduridae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | |
| Synonym | Tropidurus azurduyae CARVALHO, RIVAS, CÉSPEDES & RODRIGUES 2018 |
| Distribution | Bolivia (Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Potosí, Santa Cruz), elevation 1040 - 2764 m Type locality: Parque Nacional Torotoro, Potosí, Bolivia (18° 5’ 54.24’’ S, 65° 44’ 57.48’’ W — WGS84 system; ~2264 m elevation |
| Reproduction | oviparous (manual imputation, fide Zimin et al. 2022) |
| Types | Holotype: MHNC-R 3011 (Museo Cochabamba, Bolivia), adult male, collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, G. Juchazara, E. Lujo, and F. Mamani in 13 November 2013. Allotype: MHNC-R 3009, adult female, same locality as holotype (18° 5′ 53.88′′ S, 65° 44′ 57.12′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2262 m), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, G. Juchazara, E. Lujo, and F. Mamani in 13 November 2013. Paratypes: MHNC-R 3007, adult female, same locality as holotype (18° 6′ 15.48′′ S, 65° 45′ 36.00′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2569), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, J. Choque, J. Kamaqui, and E. Lujo in 14 November 2013. MHNC-R 3008, adult female, same locality (18° 6′ 25.56′′ S, 65° 45′ 27.36′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2579 m), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, J. Choque, J. Kamaqui, and E. Lujo in 14 November 2013. MHNC-R 3010, adult male, same locality (18° 5′ 52.32′′ S, 65° 44′ 57.48′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2269 m), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, G. Juchazara, E. Lujo, and F. Mamani in 13 November 2013. MHNC-R 3012, adult male, same locality (18° 6′ 25.56′′ S, 65° 45′ 25.92′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2566 m), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, J. Choque, J. Kamaqui, and E. Lujo in 14 November 2013. MHNC-R 3015, adult male, same locality (18° 6′ 25.92′′ S, 65° 45′ 25.92′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2562 m), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, J. Choque, J. Kamaqui, and E. Lujo in 14 November 2013. MHNC-R 3016, adult male, same locality (18° 5′ 54.24′′ S, 65° 44′ 55.32′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2556 m), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, G. Juchazara, E. Lujo, and F. Mamani in 13 November 2013. MHNC-R 3017, adult male, same locality (18° 5′ 55.32′′ S, 65° 44′ 58.56′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2274 m), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, G. Juchazara, E. Lujo, and F. Mamani in 13 November 2013. MHNC-R 3020, adult male, same locality (18° 5′ 11.88′′ S, 65° 45′ 44.28′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2596 m), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, J. Choque, J. Kamaqui, and E. Lujo in 14 November 2013. MHNC-R 3024, juvenile female, same locality (18° 5′ 55.32′′ S, 65° 44′ 57.48′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2269 m), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, G. Juchazara, E. Lujo, and F. Mamani in 13 November 2013. MHNC-R 3026, juvenile female, same locality (18° 5′ 54.24′′ S, 65° 44′ 55.32′′ W — WGS84 system; ~2256 m), collected by A.L.G. Carvalho, M.A. Sena, L.R. Rivas, G. Juchazara, E. Lujo, and F. Mamani in 13 November 2013. |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis: Tropidurus azurduyae is here morphologically diagnosed as a Tropidurus based on the observation of a set of characters suggested by Frost et al. (2001) as exclusive to the genus: skull not highly elevated at the level of the orbits; “ ash” marks on underside of thighs present; circumorbitals distinct from other small supraorbital scales; lateral fringe not developed on both sides of fourth toes; enlarged middorsal scale row absent; tail terete; and hemipenis attenuate without apical disks. e presence of a maxilla not broad, nutri- tive foramina of maxilla strikingly enlarged, lingual process of dentary extending over lingual dentary process of coronoid, angular strongly reduced, and absence of medial centrale could not be examined without dissecting or clearing and staining specimens. ese characters should be revised whenever larger series of individuals become available. Tropidurus azurduyae is a member of the T. torquatus group per Frost et al. (2001). It dif- fers from other species groups by lacking an enlarged middorsal scale row (well marked in species of the T. spinulosus group, especially in males), by exhibiting black “ ash” marks on the underside of thighs and cloacal ap of adult males (yellow, cream, or orangey “ ash” marks are present in males of the T. spinulosus group), and also by lacking a dorsoventrally attened body (as observed in species of the T. semitaeniatus group and, more moderately, in T. bogerti). Tropidurus azurduyae is the only species in the genus with lower anks pigmented orange, a condition consistently observed in both sexes ( g. 3E–H). Its ventral head is darkly pig- mented and o ers contrast to the light circular blotches present on chin and also laterally ( g. 3G, H). e ground color of its throat is charcoal gray impregnated with strong orange color- ation ( g. 3G, H). A pair of mite pockets is present on the lateral neck, with the posterior one larger; the anterior pocket originates lower than the posterior, but both usually end ventrally at the same level ( g. 3F). No pockets are found in the armpit and inguinal region of the new species. An elliptical or subrhomboidal black mark is present on the mid venter of adult males of T. azurduyae in addition to black “ ash” marks on the underside of thighs and precloacal ap ( g. 3H). Tropidurus azurduyae is saxicolous, but may climb tree trunks and fallen logs occasionally ( g. 1H). In combination, this set of characters provides a safe diagnosis, distin- guishing T. azurduyae from all other congeners. |
| Comment | Distribution: See Carvalho et al. 2018: 32 (Fig. 12) for a map. |
| Etymology | The species name azurduyae is a noun in the feminine genitive case honoring Juana Azurduy de Padilla (Chuquisaca, Bolivia: July 12, 1780–May 25, 1862), one of the most distinguished Latin American leaders who bravely fought for the independence of the Spanish territory of Upper Peru, which comprised part of today’s Bolivia and Peru, and formed along with Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay the Viceroyalty of the Río de La Plata during colonial times. Her memory remained nearly forgotten for more than a century, until President Cristina Kirchner conferred on her the title of General of the Argentinian Army in 2009, and in that same year, the Bolivian Senate promoted Juana Azurduy posthumously to the rank of Marshal of the Republic, declaring her “Liberator of Bolivia.” Although the biography of Juana Azurduy assuredly places her as one of the most important women of Latin America, the history of her ght for freedom and equality has not received enough attention outside history classes and political events. Naming Tropidurus azurduyae we do not aim to merely reverence her as a historical personage and revolutionary soldier, but to genuinely honor her intelligence, courage, and heroic actions against a male-dominated colonialist world whose roots remain alive at the present time. is is an a rmative action to remind all Latin American women and men of our female heritage of strength and combativeness. |
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