Tytthoscincus hallieri (LIDTH DE JEUDE, 1905)
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Tytthoscincus hallieri
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| Higher Taxa | Scincidae, Sphenomorphinae (Sphenomorphini), Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | |
| Synonym | Lygosoma hallieri LIDTH DE JEUDE 1905: 197 Lygosoma hallieri — DE ROOIJ 1915: 210 Lygosoma (Sphenomorphus) hallieri — BRONGERSMA 1942: 129 Sphenomorphus hallieri — BACON 1967: 72 Sphenomorphus hallieri — INGER et al. 2001 Sphenomorphus hallieri — LINKEM et al. 2010 Tytthoscincus hallieri — LINKEM et al. 2011 Tytthoscincus hallieri — GRISMER et al. 2016 |
| Distribution | Indonesia (Borneo), Malaysia (Sabah) Type locality: Putus Sibau, Kalimantan Barat (Borneo), Indonesia. |
| Reproduction | oviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) |
| Types | Holotype: RMNH (Leiden) 4456 |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis (species). Prefrontals juxtaposed; parietals small, separated from supraoculars; tympanum slightly sunken, without auricular lobules; 4 supraoculars; 36-39 scale rows; limbs moderately developed, hind limbs longer than distance between anterior corner of eye and the forelimb; 2 pairs of chin shields (from BACON 1967). Description. “Habitus slender; tail round (slightly compressed in type), head scarcely distinct from neck; snout blunt; limbs and digits not greatly reduced. All scales except those of palms, soles and lamellae smooth and polished; rostral hexagonal, breadth equals 3 times height, suture with frontonasal straight, roughly equal to two-thirds width of frontonasal; latter nearly trapezoidal, length equals one-half width, meets anterior loreal and nasal laterally; prefrontal juxtaposed, suture length more than half scale length, meet anterior and posterior loreals laterally; frontal width 0.60-0.67 (0.60) times its length, posterior apex blunt, length roughly equals length of frontoparietal and interparietal together, but greater than interparietal and parietal together; 4 supraoculars (to suture between frontoparietal and scale separating parietals from the supraoculars); 2 frontoparietals; interparietal 4 sided, width roughly 0.8 length; parietals small, meet behind interparietal, diagonal length equals 1.5-2.1 times greatest width, diagonal length less than diagonal length of frontoparietals; a slightly enlarged scale separates the parietal from the fourth supraocular; one specimen (FMNH 161485) has one nuchal, the others have none. Nostril in single nasal; no supranasal; two loreals, both taller than long, posterior slightly longer than anterior; 5-6 (5) supralabials, fourth or fourth and fifth below lens of eye; 9-10 (9/10) supraciliaries; 3-4 small preoculars; 2 slightly enlarged presuboculars precede a complete subocular ring of small scales which separates the supralabials from the lower eyelid; no enlarged temporals; tympanum definitely but not deeply sunken, height is slightly more than half the length of the eye opening and more than three-fourths the distance between the nostril and the anterior corner of the eye. Posterior border of mental nearly straight, meets first supralabial near its anterior edge; 5 infralabials, second longest, fifth shortest; azygous postmental, length 0.57-0.71 width; 2 pairs of enlarged chin shields, first juxtaposed anteriorly, second and posterior portion of first separated by a single scale; elongate postgenials follow 6 of 7 undamaged chin shields series, contact infralabials, roughly one-third width of and equal to length of second chin shield. Scales of the body are in 36-39 (36) rows, smooth, polished (iridescent in Sarawak specimens); ventrals 66-76 (76) mental to pre-anal inclusively, slightly larger than dorsals; 68-70 (70) dorsal scales between parietal and the level of the posterior surfaces of the thigh; 2 scales which precede the vent are slightly larger than adjoining scales. Scales of the anterior surface of the hind limb larger than those of posterior surface; palms and soles covered with polygonal, juxtaposed scales, each with a blunt, low, distally directed elevation; 12-14 (14) broad, smooth lamellae beneath fourth toe, distal ends slightly elevated; 8 lamellae beneath fourth finger; claws neither strong nor long. Proximal two-thirds of tail without any enlarged subcaudals, distal one-third with enlarged subcaudals.” (Bacon 1967) Coloration in life of FMNH 161485: “medium dark brown above, anterior part of body reddish-brown; flanks white, some scales brown, side of head posterior to eye intensely pink, fading toward forelimb; white spot on each supralabial; lower parts white, throat pinkish; infralabials margined with dark brown. The pink has faded in all preserved specimens; each dorsal scale is light brown with irregular concentrations of dark pigmented spots, on the neck these concentrations give the appearance of fine irregular lines in FMNH 161485; the other Sarawak specimens are more uniform, each dorsal scale is outlined by dark pigment; holotype much faded but retains a dark band behind the eye, interrupted by white spots and gradually fading on thorax.” (Bacon 1967) Another detailed description in LIDTH DE JEUDE 1905: 197. |
| Comment | Habitat: terrestrial. Type species: Lygosoma hallieri LIDTH DE JEUDE 1905 is the type species of the genus Tytthoscincus LINKEM, DIESMOS & BROWN 2011. Description (genus): Tytthoscincus can be identified by the following characters: (1) body size diminutive, usually less than 45 mm SVL; (2) temporal scales small, same size and shape as lateral body scales (Fig. 5); and (3) digits small, toe IV slightly longer than, or equal to, toe III. |
| Etymology | Named after Dr. Johann Gottfried "Hans" Hallier (1868-1932) a botanist who studied in Munich and Jena and later worked at the universities of Göttingen, Munich, Hamburg, and Leiden. Hewas on the first Dutch scientific expedition to Borneo (1893-1894) and traveled and collected in the Philippines (1903-1904). |
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