Uromacer frenatus (GÜNTHER, 1865)

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Higher Taxa	Colubridae (Dipsadinae), Alsophiini, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Uromacer frenatus frenatus (GÜNTHER 1865) Uromacer frenatus chlorauges SCHWARTZ 1976 Uromacer frenatus dorsalis DUNN 1920 Uromacer frenatus wetmorei COCHRAN 1931
Common Names	E: Slender Hispaniolan Vinesnake, Island Pointed Snake
Synonym	Ahaetulla frenata GÜNTHER 1865: 94 Uromacer inornatus GARMAN 1887: 284 Uromacer frenatus — BOULENGER 1893 Uromacer frenatus — BOULENGER 1894: 116 Uromacer frenatus — SCHMIDT 1921: 19 Uromacer frenatus frenatus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 239 Uromacer frenatus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 663 Uromacer frenatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 778 Uromacer frenatus chlorauges SCHWARTZ 1976 Uromacer wetmorei chlorauges — SCHWARTZ 1979 Uromacer frenatus dorsalis DUNN 1920 Uromacer dorsalis DUNN 1920: 43 Uromacer frenatus dorsalis — SCHWARTZ 1979 Uromacer frenatus dorsalis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 239 Uromacer frenatus wetmorei COCHRAN 1931 Uromacer wetmorei COCHRAN 1931: 91 Uromacer frenatus wetmorei — SCHWARTZ 1979 Uromacer frenatus wetmorei — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988: 239
Distribution	Hispaniola (S Haiti, SW Dominican Republic), Ile de la Gonave, Ile Grande Cayemite, Ile-a-Vache, Isla Beata frenatus: South island and Grosse Caye, as far east in the República Dominicana as El Aguacate and Puerto Escondido; in Haiti, known only from the Jacmel region, east to Belle Anse ( = Saltrou). Type locality: Unknown. chlorauges: Haiti, from Soliette on the north face of the Massif de la Selle, east to the city of Barahona, Repùblica Dominicana, south onto the Peninsula de Barahona and the south slopes of the Massif de la Selle. dorsalis: Île de la Gonâve. wetmorei: Isla Beata. INCERTAE SEDIS: Material from Île-à-Vache and Île Grande Cayemite is only provisionally considered U. f. frenatus. Horn, 1969, noted possible introgression between U. frenatus and U. oxyrhynchus in the Diquini region.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.6.70. Holotype: CM 56831 [chlorauges] Holotype: MCZ 12867 [dorsalis] Holotype: USNM 83891 [wetmorei] Holotype: MCZ 3610 (also given as 3345) [inornatus]
Diagnosis	DESCRIPTION: Maximum SVL 930 mm; elongate body and snout; ventrals 176-205 in males, 172-200 in females; subcaudals 168-224 in males, 161-215 in females; ventrals + subcaudals 351-420 in males, 340-413 in females; dorsal scale rows at midbody 17. Dorsum polychromatic (green, gray, tan, brownish to brown), with or without a well-defined middorsal zone; head and extreme anterior portion of body (dorsally and ventrally) green to yellow-green in monochromatic and polychromatic populations; with or without a pale lateral line on anterior quarter (or less) of body (Schwartz & Henderson 1991: 663).
Comment	Frank & Ramus (1995) erroneously listed Uromacer wetmorei SCHWARTZ 1979. Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018).
References	Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here Cochran, D. M. 1931. New reptiles from Beata Island, Dominican Republic. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 44: 89-92 - get paper here Dunn, E.R. 1920. On the Haitian snakes of the genera Leimadophis and Uromacer. Proc. New England Zool. Club 7: 37-44 - get paper here Garman, S. 1887. On West Indian reptiles in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24: 278-286. - get paper here Günther, A. 1865. Fourth account of new Species of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 15: 89-98. - get paper here Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here Henderson, R. W. and A. Schwartz 1984. Uromacer frenatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (357. - get paper here Henderson, R.W., M.H. Binder & G.M. Burghardt 1983. Responses of Neonate Hispaniolan Vine Snakes (Uromacer frenatus) to Prey Extracts Herpetologica 39 (1): 75-77. - get paper here Mehrtens, J.M. 1987. Living snakes of the world in color. Sterling Publ. Co., hic., New York, NY: 480 pp. Schmidt, K. P. 1921. Notes on the herpetology of Santo Domingo. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 44: 7-20. - get paper here Schwartz, A. 1976. Variation in the Hispaniolan colubrid snake Uromacer frenatus Günther (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae). Journal of Herpetology 10 (4): 19-27 - get paper here Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1988. West Indian Amphibian and Reptiles: A Checklist. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contr. Biol. Geol. No. 74: 264 pp. - get paper here Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp. Schwartz, Albert 1979. The Status of Uromacer frenatus and Uromacer dorsalis (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetologica 35 (3): 207-216 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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