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Urostrophus undulatus (WIEGMANN, 1834)

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Higher TaxaLeiosauridae (Enyaliinae), Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Wiegmann's Tree Lizard
Portuguese: Lagartixa, Papa-Vento, Papa-Vento-do-Sul 
SynonymLaemanctus undulatus WIEGMANN 1834: 46
Ecphymotes undulatus — FITZINGER 1826
Laemanctus ondulatus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 75 (lapsus)
Lamanctus (Urostrophus) undulatus FITZINGER 1843 (fide CEI 1993)
Anisolepis Iheringii BOULENGER 1885: 86
Anisolepis iheringii — BOULENGER 1885: 122
Anisolepis undulatus — BOULENGER 1886: 426
Anisolepis bruchi KOSLOWSKY 1895
Anisolepis undulatus — WERNER 1896: 471
Anisolepis undulatus — ETHERIDGE & WILLIAMS 1991
Urostrophus undulatus — CARVALHO et al. 2023 
DistributionS Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), EC Argentina (Buenos Aires), Uruguay (Paysandú)

Type locality: Brazil.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 497 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Anisolepis is a member of the iguanian family Polychridae, diagnosed by the acquisition of endolymphatic sacs that extend back between the supraoccipital and parietal bones into the dorsal neck musculature and other synapomorphies (Frost and Etheridge, 1989). It differs from Polychrus in having lost femoral pores, from the leiosaurs (Enyalius, Pristidactylus, Diplolaemus, Leiosaurus, Aperopristis) in having reduced the number of sternal rib pairs from 4 to 3 and in lacking longitudinally divided distal subdigital scales, and from the anoles (Anolis, Chamaeolis, Phenacosaurus, Chamaelinorops) in having acquired a small posterior coracoid fenestra, and in lacking elongate second ceratobranchials and an anole type digital pad. Anisolepis differs from Urostrophus in having keeled ventral scales, and posterior marginal tooth crowns with tapered sides and reduced secondary cusps. Etheridge and de Queiroz (1988) listed as derived characters shared by Anisolepis undulatus, A. grilli, and Aptycholaemus longicauda the reduction in secondary cusps of the marginal tooth crowns, loss of the posterolateral processes of the basisphenoid, and the acquisition of a ventrolateral row of enlarged scales and ventral body scales with sharp keels in parallel rows. Aptycholaemus was diagnosed by loss of the transverse gular fold, elongation of the tail, and reduction of the external ear. However, there are no derived features known to be shared by undulatus and grilli to the exclusion of longicauda, and therefore no evidence that undulatus and grilli share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with longicauda. Accordingly we here place Aptycholaemus Boulenger 1891 in the synonymy of Anisolepis Boulenger 1885. Thus constituted, Anisolepis is probably monophyletic [from Etheridge & Williams 1991].


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CommentSynonymy mostly following ETHERIDGE & WILLIAMS 1991 and CEI 1993. BOULENGER 1886 synonymized Laemanctus obtusirostris with A. undulatus.

Type species: Anisolepis iheringi BOULENGER 1885 [= Laemanctus undulatus WIEGMANN 1834] is the type species of the genus Anisolepis BOULENGER 1885. Anisolepis was synonymized with Urostrophus by Carvalho et al. 2023.

Distribution: for a map see ETHERIDGE & WILLIAMS 1991: 338. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin undulatus because of the zig-zag dorsal pattern.

The genus was named after the Greek “anisos” meaning unequal and “lepis” meaning scale, with reference to the heterogeneity of the squamation. Genus names ending in -lepis are feminine (Böhme & Denzer 2019), hence the name needs to be undulata. 
References
  • Böhme, W. & Denzer, W. 2019. Warum die Endungen adjektivischer Artnamen dem Geschlecht der Gattungsnamen angepasst werden müssen Sauria 41 (1): 55–62 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G. A. 1885. Second list of reptiles and batrachians from the province Rio Grande do Sul, sent to the Natural History Museum by Dr. H. van Ihering. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 16: 85-88 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1886. A synopsis of the reptiles and batrachians of the province Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 18: 423-445 - get paper here
  • Carreira, S.; Brazeiro, A.; Camargo, A.; da Rosa, I.; Canavero, A. & Maneyro, M. 2012. DIVERSITY OF REPTILES OF URUGUAY: KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION GAPS. Bol. Soc. Zool. Uruguay (2a época) 21 (1-2): 9-29 - get paper here
  • Carvalho, André L. G.; Alejandro Laspiur, Julia Klaczko, Luis Rolando Rivas, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Marco Aurélio de Sena & Ricardo Céspedes 2023. Total evidence phylogenetic analysis of Leiosauridae (Squamata) with focus on the ‘para-anoles’ and description of a new Urostrophus species from the Bolivian Andes. Systematics and Biodiversity, 21:1, 2200306, - get paper here
  • Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale Sci. Naturale Torino, Monografie 14: 1-949
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • Etheridge, R; Williams E E 1991. A review of the South American lizard genera Urostrophus and Anisolepis (Squamata: Iguania: Polychridae). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool Harvard 152(5) 1991: 317-361 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Grossmann, P. 1988. Beobachtungen an und Nachzucht von Chelodina novaegineae (BOULENGER, 1888). Sauria 10 (2): 7-11 - get paper here
  • Koslowsky,J. 1895. Dos nuevas Lagartijas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Rev. Mus. La Plata 6: 417-420 - get paper here
  • Poe, S. 2004. Phylogeny of anoles. Herpetological Monographs 18: 37-89 - get paper here
  • Prigioni, C.; C. Borteiro; F. Kolenc. 2011. Amphibia and Reptilia, Quebrada de los Cuervos, Departamento de Treinta y Tres, Uruguay. Check List 7 (6): 763-767 - get paper here
  • Schleich, H.-H. 1979. Feldherpetologische Beobachtungen in Persien, nebst morphologischen Daten zu den Agamen Agama agilis, A. caucasica und A. erythrogaster (Reptilia: Sauria: Agamidae). Salamandra 15 (4): 237-253 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1896. Die Iguaniden-Gattung Anisolepis Blngr. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 46: 470-473
  • Wiegmann,A.F.A. 1834. Herpetologia Mexicana, seu descriptio amphibiorum novae hispaniae , quae itineribus comitis de Sack, Ferdinandi Deppe et Chr. Guil. Schiede im Museum Zoologicum Berolinense Pervenerunt. Pars prima, saurorum species. Berlin, Lüderitz, iv + 54 pp. - get paper here
 
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