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Varanus timorensis (GRAY, 1831)

IUCN Red List - Varanus timorensis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaVaranidae, Platynota, Varanoidea, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Spotted Tree Monitor 
SynonymMonitor timorensis GRAY 1831: 26
Tup[inambis] viridomaculatus GRAY 1831: 26 (nomen nudum)
Varanus timoriensis — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1836: 473 (emend. pro V. timorensis)
Monitor timoriensis — SCHLEGEL 1839: 74
Monitor timoriensis — SCHLEGEL 1844: 41
Varanus timerensis — MARTENS 1876 (in error)
Varanus timorensis — BOULENGER 1885: 323
Varanus timorensis — DE ROOIJ 1915: 152
Varanus timorensis timorensis — MERTENS 1937
Varanus timorensis timorensis — BRANCH 1982
Varanus timorensis timorensis — DE LISLE 1996: 139
Varanus timorensis — AST 2001
Varanus timorensis — BÖHME 2003
Varanus timorensis — DE LISLE 2009
Varanus (Odatria) timorensis — KOCH et al. 2013
Varanus (Odatria) timorensis — BUCKLITSCH et al. 2016: 50 
DistributionTimor (Indonesia), S New Guinea, Timor-Leste

Type locality: Timor, Indonesia  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: MNHN-RA 8278 and MNHN-RA 2007.2391 (formerly MNHN-RA 8278A) (fide SPRACKLAND 1999), not found fide COGGER 1983
Holotype: AM R10207, from Groote Eylandt, N. T. [similis] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 1311 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy partly after COGGER 1983. Varanus timorensis similis is now considered as a subspecies of V. scalaris (fide COGGER 2000). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • ARIDA, EVY, ALEXANDER STUBBS, UMILAELA ARIFIN, BENJAMIN R. KARIN, SARAH HYKIN, SEAN B. REILLY, DJOKO T. ISKANDAR & JIMMY A. MCGUIRE. 2023. Cannibalism in Varanus timorensis (Squamata: Varanidae) Reveals Some Reproductive Traits of Wild Population on Sabu Island, Indonesia. Russian Journal of Herpetology 30(2): 118–123. - get paper here
  • Ast, Jennifer C. 2001. Mitochondrial DNA Evidence and Evolution in Varanoidea (Squamata). Cladistics 17 (3): 211-226 [erratum in 18 (1):125] - get paper here
  • Ávalos, J. de & Martínez Carrión, P. 1997. Warane. Reptilia (Münster) 2 (5): 16-21 - get paper here
  • Behrmann, H.-J. 1981. Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus t. timorensis (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 17 (3-4): 198-201 - get paper here
  • Bennet, D.F. 2003. Australische Warane. Reptilia (Münster) 8 (43): 18-25 - get paper here
  • Bennet, D.F. 2003. Australian Monitors. Reptilia (GB) (30): 12-19 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Branch, W. R. 1982. Hemipeneal Morphology of Platynotan Lizards. Journal of Herpetology 16 (1): 16-38 - get paper here
  • Brygoo, E. R. 1987. Les types de Varanides (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Catalogue critique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 4e ser., 9, sect. A (Zool., BioI. & Ecol. anim.), (2), supplement, 21-38.
  • BUCKLITSCH, YANNICK; WOLFGANG BÖHME, ANDRÉ KOCH 2016. Scale Morphology and Micro-Structure of Monitor Lizards (Squamata: Varanidae: Varanus spp.) and their Allies: Implications for Systematics, Ecology, and Conservation. . Zootaxa 4153 (1): 001–192 - get paper here
  • Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp.
  • Conroy, S. 1999. Lizard Assemblage Response to a Forest Ecotone in Northeastern Australia: A Synecological Approach Journal of Herpetology 33 (3): 409-419. - get paper here
  • de Rooij, N. de 1915. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. Leiden (E. J. Brill), xiv + 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M. C. and G. Bibron. 1836. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 3. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 528 pp. - get paper here
  • Earley, Ryan L.; Omar Attum, Perri Eason 2002. Varanid combat: perspectives from game theory. Amphibia-Reptilia 23 (4): 469-485 - get paper here
  • Eidenmüller, B. 1986. Beobachtungen bei der Pflege und Nachzucht von Varanus (Odatria) t. timorensis (GRAY 1831). Salamandra 22 (2-3): 157-161 - get paper here
  • Ferreira, J. Bethencourt 1898. Reptis de Timor no Museu de Lisboa. Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. (2) 5 (19): 151-156
  • Gray, J. E. 1831. A synopsis of the species of Class Reptilia. In: Griffith, E & E. Pidgeon: The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named, and of many before noticed [Vol. 9]. Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London: 481 + 110 pp. [1830] - get paper here
  • HANIFA, BERRY F.; ONDREJ TRÁVNÍČEK, JOSIPA ŠUPLJIKA, MAHFUD & LUHUR SEPTIADI 2023. Observation on an enigmatic dwarf monitor lizard (Varanus cf. timorensis) from Savu Island, Indonesia Herpetology Notes 16: 225–227. - get paper here
  • Iannucci, Alessio; Marie Altmanová, Claudio Ciofi, Malcolm Ferguson-Smith, Massimo Milan, Jorge Claudio Pereira, James Pether, Ivan Rehák, Michail Rovatsos, Roscoe Stanyon, Petr Velenský, Petr Ráb, Lukáš Kratochvíl & Martina Johnson Pokorná 2019. Conserved sex chromosomes and karyotype evolution in monitor lizards (Varanidae). Heredity 123, 215–227 - get paper here
  • Koch A, Ziegler T, Böhme W, Arida E, Auliya M. 2013. Pressing Problems: Distribution, Threats, and Conservation Status of the Monitor Lizards (Varanidae: Varanus spp.) of Southeast Asia and the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Herp. Cons. Biol. 8 (Monograph 3): 1 − 62. - get paper here
  • Lisle, H.F. de 1996. Natural History of Monitor Lizards. Krieger, Malabar (Florida)
  • Martens, E. von 1876. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ostasien. Zoologischer Teil. Berlin: Decker Vol. 1: 412 pp. - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1942. Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae), 3. Teil: Taxonomie. Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., 466: 235-391
  • Mertens, R. 1958. Bemerkungen über die Warane Australiens. Senckenbergiana biologica 39: 229-264
  • Müller, S. & Schlegel, H. 1844. OVER DE IN DEN INDISCHEN ARCHIPEL LEVENDE HAGEDISACHTIGE DIEREN VAN HET GESLACHT MONITOR. In: Temminck,V. (1839-1847) Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis ... pp. 37-47 - get paper here
  • O’SHEA, Mark; Caitlin SANCHEZ, Andrew KATHRINER, Sven MECKE, Venancio LOPES CARVALHO, Agivedo VARELA RIBEIRO, Zito AFRANIO SOARES, Luis LEMOS DE ARAUJO and Hinrich KAISER 2015. Herpetological Diversity of Timor-Leste: Updates and a Review of Species Distributions. Asian Herpetological Research 6 (2): 73–131 - get paper here
  • O’SHEA, Mark; Caitlin SANCHEZ, Scott HEACOX, Andrew KATHRINER, Venancio LOPES CARVALHO, Agivedo VARELA RIBEIRO, Zito AFRANIO SOARES, Luis LEMOS DE ARAUJO and Hinrich KAISER 2012. First Update to Herpetofaunal Records from Timor-Leste. Asian Herpetological Research 3 (2): 114–126 - get paper here
  • Pianka, E. R. and D. R. King, eds. 2004. Varanoid Lizards of the World. Indiana University Press, 599 pp - get paper here
  • Rese, R. 1983. Der Timorwaran Varanus timorensis - Haltung und Zucht. Sauria 5 (4): 13-15 - get paper here
  • Ruegg, R. 1974. Nachzucht beim Timor- Baumwaran, Varanus timorensis similis Mertens, 1958. Aquarium mit Aquaterra 8: 360-363
  • Schlegel, H. 1839. Abbildungen neuer oder unvollständig bekannter Amphibien, nach der Natur oder dem Leben entworfen und mit einem erläuternden Texte begleitet. Arne and Co., Düsseldorf, xiv + 141 pp. - get paper here
  • Schmutz, E. & H.-G. Horn 1986. Der Lebensraum von Varanus (Odatria) t. timorensis (GRAY, 1831) (Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 22 (2-3): 147-156 - get paper here
  • Sprackland, R. G. 1999. New species of monitor (Squamata: Varanidae) from Indonesia. Reptile Hobbyist, 4 (6): 20-27 - get paper here
  • Storr G M 1980. The monitor lizards (genus Varanus Merrem, 1820) of Western Australia. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 8 (2): 237-293 - get paper here
 
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