AIzaSyAuJVPwNWvpDvUbpmqbZFnPgBC05Kg7mpw

You are here » home › advanced search › Varanus salvator

Varanus salvator (LAURENTI, 1768)

IUCN Red List - Varanus salvator - Least Concern, LC
iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Varanus salvator?

Add your own observation of
Varanus salvator »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaVaranidae, Platynota, Sauria (lizards) 
SubspeciesVaranus salvator salvator (LAURENTI 1768)
Varanus salvator adamanensis DERANIYAGALA 1944
Varanus salvator bivittatus (KUHL 1820)
Varanus salvator macromaculatus DERANIYAGALA 1944
Varanus salvator ziegleri KOCH & BÖHME 2010 
Common NamesE: Common Water Monitor
G: Bindenwaran 
SynonymVaranus salvator salvator (LAURENTI 1768)
Stellio salvator LAURENTI 1768: 58
Tupinambis elegans DAUDIN 1802 (in part)
Monitor nigricans CUVIER 1829: 27
Monitor exilis GRAY in GRIFFITH 1831
Monitor bivittatus var. celebensis SCHLEGEL 1844
Hydrosaurus salvator — GRAY 1845: 13
Monitor salvator — BLYTH 1846: 376
Varanus salvator — CANTOR 1847: 635
Hydrosaurus salvator — KELAART 1854: 137
Varanus salvator — BOULENGER 1885: 314
Varanus salvator — DE ROOIJ 1915: 146
Varanus scutigerulus BARBOUR 1932
Varanus salvator salvator — MERTENS 1937
Varanus salvator kabaragoya DERANIYAGALA 1947
Varanus salvator salvator — DE LISLE 1996: 134
Varanus salvator — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 292
Varanus (Soterosaurus) salvator — ZIEGLER & BÖHME 1997
Varanus salvator — COX et al. 1998: 107
Varanus salvator celebensis — DE LISLE 2009
Varanus (Soterosaurus) salvator — KOCH et al. 2013

Varanus salvator adamanensis DERANIYAGALA 1944
Varanus salvator andamanensis - MERTENS 1963
Varanus salvator andamanensis — BÖHME 2002
Varanus salvator andamanensis — KOCH et al. 2007

Varanus salvator bivittatus (KUHL 1820)
Tupinambis bivittatus KUHL 1820
Monitor nigricans CUVIER 1829: 27 (fide MERTENS 1963)
Lacerta Bivittatus — CUVIER 1831: 110
Varanus bivittatus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1836: 486
Monitor bivittatus var. javanica SCHLEGEL 1844
Varanus crocodilinus OWEN 1845
Varanus salvator bivittatus — MERTENS 1959: 17
Varanus salvator bivittatus — BÖHME 2002
Varanus (Soterosaurus) salvator bivittatus — KOCH et al. 2013

Varanus salvator macromaculatus DERANIYAGALA 1944
Varanus vittatus LESSON 1834: 307
Varanus salvator nicobariensis DERANIYAGALA 1947
Varanus salvator komaini NUTAPHAND 1987
Varanus salvator komaini — DWYER & PEREZ 2007
Varanus salvator macromaculatus — KOCH et al. 2007
Varanus salvator nicobariensis — MURTHY 2010
Varanus (Soterosaurus) salvator macromaculatus — KOCH et al. 2013

Varanus salvator ziegleri KOCH & BÖHME 2010
Varanus (Soterosaurus) salvator ziegleri — KOCH et al. 2013 
DistributionSri Lanka, NE India (incl. Assam, Nicobar Islands, Andaman Islands), Bangladesh, Myanmar (= Burma), Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, S China (Hong Kong, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, S Yunnan), Thailand (incl. Phuket), Malaysia (incl. Pulau Tioman, Johor: Pulau Besar), Singapore, Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra, Nias, Enggano, Bangka, Kalimantan, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Wetar, Sulawesi),

USA (possibly introduced to Florida)

adamanensis: Andaman Islands; Type locality: Port Blair, Andaman Islands.

bivittatus: Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Ombai (Alor), Wetar and some neighbouring islands within the Sunda arch, Indonesia; Type locality: Java (designated by
MERTENS 1959).

komaini: Thailand. Type locality: Amphoe La-ngu, Satun Prov., Thailand, and Thai-Malaysian bodeer area.

macromaculatus: Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo)

salvator: restricted to Sri Lanka (KOCH et al. 2007); Type locality: America (in error); emended to "Ceylon" (= Sri Lanka) by Mertens (1959).

ziegleri: Obi Island, Indonesia; Type locality: Kali Telaga, Obi Island, Maluku Province, Central Indonesia. Map legend:
TDWG region - Region according to the TDWG standard, not a precise distribution map.

NOTE: TDWG regions are generated automatically from the text in the distribution field and this does not always work properly. We are working on it.
 
TypesNeotype: ZFMK 22092, juvenile, collected by B. Schulz, March 1978, donated by B. Schulz, April 1978.
Holotype: IM 2176, juvenile [andamanensis]
Lectotype: RMNH 3179 [celebensis, designated by De Lisle 2009] 
CommentVaranus salvator togianus (PETERS 1872), V.s. nuchalis, V. s. cumingi, and Varanus salvator marmoratus (WIEGMANN 1834) have been elevated to full species status by KOCH et al. (2007).

Conservation: Threatened by the reptile leather industry which exports ~40,000 skins from Indonesia each year (KOCH 2010).

Habitat: near rivers, has also been seen “far out at sea” [”marine” habitat] 
References
  • Amarasinghe, A. A. T., G. Chathuranga and D. M. S. S. Karunarathna 2009. Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) in Rathgama lagoon in Galle District, Sri Lanka. Biawak 3 (3): 81-84 - get paper here
  • Auliya, M. 2006. Taxonomy, Life History, and conservation of giant reptiles in west Kalimantan. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 432 pp. - get paper here
  • Baier, F. 2005. Herpetologische Reiseeindrücke aus Sri Lanka. Elaphe 13 (4): 59-64
  • Barbour, Thomas 1932. Proc. New England zool. Club 13: 1
  • Bauer, Aaron M. and Rainer Günther 2013. Origin and identity of the von Borcke collection of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin: A cache of Seba specimens? Zoosystematics and Evolution 89 (1): 167–185 - get paper here
  • Bauer,A.M.; Günther,R. & Klipfel,M. 1995. The herpetological contributions of Wilhelm C.H. Peters (1815-1883). SSAR Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology, 714 pp.
  • Bennett, Daniel 1995. The water monitor Varanus salvator Reptilian 3 (8): 15-21
  • Bennett, Daniel 1998. Monitor Lizards Natural History, Biology and Husbandry. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt
  • Blyth, E. 1846. J. Asiat. Soc. Beng., 15: 377
  • Bobrov V.V., Semenov D.V. 2008. Lizards of Vietnam [in Russian]. Moscow, 236 pp.
  • Böhme, W. 2002. Langjährige Haltung und Altersrekord eines Bindenwarans, Varanus salvator (LAURENTI 1768) im Terrarium: zweithöchstes belegtes individuelles Lebensalter eines Vertreters der Varanidae. Herpetofauna 24 (141): 26-28 - get paper here
  • Bonetti, Mathilde 2002. 100 Sauri. Mondadori (Milano), 192 pp.
  • Bong Heang, Kiew 1987. An annotated checklist of the herpetofauna of Ulu Endau, Johore, Malaysia Malayan Nature J. 41(2-3): 413-423.
  • BORDEN, R. 2007. Varanus salvator (Asian Water Monitor) Migration Biawak 1 (2): 84
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Brown, Rafe M.; Ferner, John W.; Sison, Rogelio V.; Gonzales, Pedro C.; Kennedy, Robert S. 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of the Zambales Mountains of Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines. Herpetological Natural History 4 (1): 1-22
  • Brown,R.M.; McGuire, J.A.; Ferner,J.W.; Icarangal Jr., N. & Kennedy, R.S. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Luzon island, II: preliminary report on the herptofauna of Aurora Memorial national Park, Philippines. Hamadryad 25 (2): 175-195
  • Cantor. T. E. 1847. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and Islands. J Asiat. Soc., Bengal, Calcutta. 16 (2): 607 - 656, 897-952, 1026 - 1078 - get paper here
  • Chan-ard,T.; Grossmann,W.; Gumprecht,A. & Schulz,K. D. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand - an illustrated checklist [bilingual English and German]. Bushmaster Publications, Würselen, Gemany, 240 pp. [book review in Russ. J Herp. 7: 87] - get paper here
  • Cota, M.; Chan-ard, T. & Makchai, S. 2009. Geographical Distribution and Regional Variation of Varanus salvator macromaculatus in Thailand. Biawak 3 (4): 134-143
  • Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp.
  • Cuvier, G. 1831. The Animal Kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, ... with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed, by Edward Griffith... and others. Vol. 9. Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London, 481 pp.
  • Cuvier, G. J. L. N. F. D. 1829. Le Regne Animal Distribué, d'apres son Organisation, pur servir de base à l'Histoire naturelle des Animaux et d'introduction à l'Anatomie Comparé. Nouvelle Edition [second edition]. Vol. 2. Les Reptiles. Déterville, Paris, i-xvi, 1-406
  • Das , I. 2004. Lizards of Borneo. Natural History Publications, Kota Kinabalu, Borneo
  • Das, Indraneil 1988. New evidence of the occurrence of water monitor (Varanus salvator) in Meghalaya J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86: 253-255
  • De Lisle, H.F. 2007. Observations on Varanus s. salvator in North Sulawesi. Biawak 1 (2): 59-66
  • De Lisle, H.F. 2009. Catalog of the genus Varanus (Reptilia: Squamata: Varanidae) with new designations of a neotype and a lectotype. ZooNova 1(2): 8-32
  • de Rooij, N. de 1915. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. Leiden (E. J. Brill), xiv + 384 pp.
  • Deraniyagala, P. E. P. 1944. Four New Races of the ''Kabaragoya'' Lizard Varanus salvator. Spolia Zeylanica 24: 59-62
  • Duméril, A.M. C. and G. Bibron. 1836. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol.3. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 528 pp. - get paper here
  • Dwyer, Q. & Perez, M. 2007. Husbandry and reproduction of the Black Water Monitor, Varanus salvator komaini. Biawak 1 (1): 13-20
  • DWYER, Q. and M. PEREZ 2007. Varanus salvator komaini (Black Water Monitor) Reproduction. Biawak 1 (2): 89
  • Earley, Ryan L.; Omar Attum, Perri Eason 2002. Varanid combat: perspectives from game theory. Amphibia-Reptilia 23 (4): 469-485 - get paper here
  • Ferner, John W., Rafe M. Brown, Rogelio V. Sison and Robert S. Kennedy 2000. The amphibians and reptiles of Panay Island, Philippines. Asiatic Herpetological Research 9: 1-37 - get paper here
  • Franco, R. 2007. Varanus salvator (Asian Water monitor). Palawan, Philippines. Biawak 1 (1): 41
  • FRÝDLOVÁ, PETRA and DANIEL FRYNTA 2010. A test of Rensch’s rule in varanid lizards. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100: 293–306 - get paper here
  • Gaulke M. 1999. Die Herpetofauna von Calauit Island (Calamianes-Inseln, Provinz Palawan, Philippinen) (Amphibia et Reptilia). Faun. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 21 (19)
  • Gaulke, M. 1986. Über die Situation des Bindenwarans (Varanus salvator nuchalis) auf Negros, Philippinen. Herpetofauna 8 (44): 16-18 - get paper here
  • Gaulke, M. 2001. Die Herpetofauna von Sibaliw (Panay), einem der letzten Tieflandregenwaldgebiete der West-Visayas, Philippinen. Teil III. Echsen und Diskussion. Herpetofauna 23 (132): 5-18 - get paper here
  • Gaulke, Maren 1989. Zur Biologie des Bindenwaranes, unter Berücksichtgung der paläogeographischen Verbreitung und der phylogenetischen Entwicklung der Varanidae Courier Forschungsinsitut Senckenberg (112): 1-241
  • Gaulke, Maren 1991. Systematic relationships of the Philippine water monitors as compared with Varanus s. salvator, with a discussion of dispersal routes Mertensiella 2: 154-167
  • Gaulke, Maren 1992. Distribution, population density, and exploitation of the water monitor (Varanus salvator ) in the Philippines Hamadryad 17: 21-27
  • Gaulke, Maren 1992. Taxonomy and biology of Philippine water monitors (Varanus salvator). Philipppine Journal of Science 121(4): 345-381
  • Gaulke, Maren 2001. Varanus salvator nuchalis, eine wenig bekannte Unterart des Bindenwarans. Draco 7:42-49 - get paper here
  • Gaulke, Maren;de Silva, Anslem 1997. Monitor lizards of Sri Lanka: Preliminary investigations on their population structure Lyriocephalus 3 (1): 1-5
  • Gorgoza 1888. Ann. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 17: 275
  • Gramentz, D. 2008. Einige Bemerkungen zur Ökologie und zum Verhalten von Varanus salvator (LAURENTI, 1768) im Südwesten von Sri Lanka. Sauria 30 (3): 13-20 - get paper here
  • Gramentz, D. 2010. Zur Wahl des Ruheplatzes von Varanus salvator (LAURENTI, 1768) an einem Flussufer in Sri Lanka. Sauria 32 (1): 55-58 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee; Thy Neang, Thou Chav, Perry L. Wood, Jr., Jamie R. Oaks, Jeremy Holden, Jesse L. Gr 2008. Additional amphibians and reptiles from the Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary in Northwestern Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia, with comments on their taxonomy and the discovery of three new species. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 161-175
  • Grismer, L.L. 2011. Lizards of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and their adjacent archipelagos. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 728 pp. [review in Herp. Rev. 43: 155]
  • Grismer, L.L.; Youmans, T.M.; Wood, P.L. & Grismer, J.L. 2006. Checklist of the herpetofauna of the Seribuat Archipelago, West Malaysia with comments on biogeography, natural history, and adaptive types. Raffles Bull. Zool. 54 (1): 157-180
  • Gumprecht, A. 2007. Die Insel der Warane [Ko Rok, Thailand]. Reptilia (Münster) 12 (65): 72-83 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1872. On two species of Hydrosaurus from the Philippine Islands. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1872: 145-146 - get paper here
  • Hennig, A.S. 2005. Freilandbeobachtungen an Bindenwaranen in Sri Lanka. Reptilia (Münster) 10 (55): 3 - get paper here
  • Hien,P. Grossmann,W. & Schäfer, C. 2001. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der landbewohnenden Reptilienfauna von Pulau Tioman, West-Malaysia. Sauria 23 (4): 11-28 - get paper here
  • Islam, Mazedul & Prasanta Kumar Saikia 2013. Inventory and Natural History of Lizards in Jeypore Rerserve Forest, Assam Reptile Rap (15): 16-26 - get paper here
  • Karunarathna, D. M. S. S., A. A. T. Amarasinghe and A. De Vos 2008. Preliminary notes on the Monitor Lizards (Family: Varanidae) within the National Zoological Gardens (NZG) Dehiwala, Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Biawak 2 (3): 109-118 - get paper here
  • KARUNARATHNA, D.M.S. SURANJAN; A.A. THASUN AMARASINGHE and E.M. KASUN B.KANAYAKE 2008. Observed Predation on a Suckermouth Catfi sh (Hypostomus plecostomus) by a Water Monitor (Varanus salvator) in Bellanwila-Attidiya Sanctuary. Biawak 2 (1): 37-39 - get paper here
  • Karunarathna, Suranjan; D. M. S. and A. A. Thasun Amarasinghe 2011. A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE REPTILE FAUNA IN NILGALA FOREST AND ITS VICINITY, MONARAGALA DISTRICT, SRI LANKA. TAPROBANICA 03 (02): pp. 69-76
  • Kelaart, EDWARD FRED 1854. Catalogue of reptiles collected in Ceylon. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 13: 137-140 - get paper here
  • Kiat, C.E. 2007. Feral Iguana attacks Varanus salvator at sungei Buloh Wetland reserve. Biawak 1 (1): 35-36
  • Koch, A. & Böhme, W. 2005. Die Herpetofauna Sulawesis unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Varanus: phylogeographische Beziehungen zu angrenzenden Gebieten - das Projekt stellt sich vor. Elaphe 13 (4): 43-46
  • Koch, A., Auliya, M; Schmitz, A.; Kuch, U. & Böhme, W. 2007. Morphological studies on the systematics of south east Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator Complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. Mertensiella 16:109-180
  • Koch, André 2010. Bestialische Behandlung indonesischer Großreptilien für westliche Luxusprodukte Reptilia (Münster) 15 (86): 3-6 - get paper here
  • Koch, André and Wolfgang Böhme 2010. Heading East: a New Subspecies of Varanus salvator from Obi Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia, with a Discussion about the Easternmost Natural Occurrence of Southeast Asian Water Monitor Lizards. Russian Journal of Herpetology 17 (4): 299-309 - get paper here
  • Koch, André, Evy A. Arida and Wolfgang Böhme 2007. Zwischenbericht über die Herpetofauna Sulawesis unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gattung Varanus: phylogeographische Beziehungen zu angrenzenden Gebieten. Elaphe 15 (3):42-52
  • Koch, André; Thomas Ziegler, Wolfgang Böhme, and Mark Auliya 2013. Pressing Problems: Distribution, Threats, and Conservation Status of the Monitor Lizards (Varanidae: Varanus spp.) of Southeast Asia and the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 8 (Monograph 3):1 − 62.
  • KOCH,A. and G. ACCIAIOLI 2007. The Monitor Twins: A Bugis and Makassarese Tradition from SW Sulawesi, Indonesia Biawak 1 (2): 77-82
  • Kopstein, F. 1938. Ein Beitrag zur Eierkunde und zur Fortpflanzung der Malaiischen Reptilien. Bull. Raffl. Mus. No 14: 81-167
  • Krysko, K.K.; Enge, K.M.; Donlan, E.M.; Golden, E.Z.; Burgess, J.P. & Larson, K.W. 2009. THE NON-MARINE HERPETOFAUNA OF KEY BISCAYNE, FLORIDA. Herp. Cons. Biol. 5 (1):132-142 - get paper here
  • Kuhl,H. 1820. Beiträge zur Zoologie und vergleichenden Anatomie. Hermannsche Buchhandlung, Frankfurt, 152 pp.
  • Lantermann, W. 2004. Bindenwarane (Varanus salvator) auf Sri Lanka. Elaphe 12 (2): 72-74
  • Laurenti, J. N. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austracorum, quod authoritate et consensu. Vienna, Joan. Thomae, 217 pp.
  • Lesson, R.P. 1834. Reptiles. pp. 291-336, pls. 1-7. In: I.G.S. Bélanger (ed.), Voyage aux Indes-Orientales, par le Nord de l'Europe, les Provinces du Caucase, la Géorgie, l'Armenie, et la Perse, . . . pendant les années 1825-29. Zoologie. A. Bertrand, Paris. xxxix + 535 p.
  • Lim, K.K.P. & Ng, H.H. 1999. The terrestrial herpetofauna of Pulau Tioman, Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bull. Zool., Suppl. No. 6: 131-155
  • Mahony, Stephen; Md. Kamrul Hasan, Md. Mofizul Kabir, Mushfiq Ahmed and Md. Kamal Hossain. 2009. A catalogue of amphibians and reptiles in the collection of Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Hamadryad 34 (1): 80 – 94
  • Malkmus, R.; Manthey, U.; Vogel, G. Hoffmann, P. & Kosuch, J. 2002. Amphibians and reptiles of Mount Kinabalu (North Borneo). A.R.G. Ganther Verlag, Rugell, 404 pp.
  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. - get paper here
  • Martin, W. 1839. [Remarks on two species of saurian reptiles] Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1838: 68-70 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1876. Preuss. Exped. Ostas. Zool. 1: 196
  • Mertens, R. 1930. Die Amphibien und Reptilien der Inseln Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa und Flores. Senck. Naturf. Gesell., Frankfurt am Main, Abhandl. 42(3): 117-344.
  • Mertens, R. 1937. Senckenbergiana, 19: 178
  • Mertens, R. 1942. Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae), 3. Teil: Taxonomie. Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., 466: 235-391
  • Mertens, R. 1959. Liste der Warane Asiens und der indo-australischen Inselwelt mit systematischen Bemerkungen. Senckenberg. Biol. 40: 221-240
  • Murthy, T.S.N. 2010. The reptile fauna of India. B.R. Publishing, New Delhi, 332 pp.
  • Nutaphand, W. 1987. Mangkorn Dam black monitor. J. Thai Zool. Center, 2 (15): 51
  • Ott, T. 1997. Nachzuchtergebnisse von Varanus salvator. Elaphe 5 (4): 6-11
  • Pandav, Bivash 1993. A preliminary survey of the water monitor (Varanus salvator) in Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Orissa Hamadryad 18: 49-51
  • Pauwels, O.S.G.; David, P.; Chimsunchart, C. & Thirakhupt, K. 2003. Reptiles of Phetchaburi Province, Western Thailand: a list of species, with natural history notes, and a discussion on the biogeography at the Isthmus of Kra. Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 3 (1): 23-53
  • Pauwels,O.S.G. et al. 2000. Herpetological investigations in Phang-Nga Province, southern Peninsular Thailand, with a list of reptile species and notes on their biology. Dumerilia 4 (2): 123-154
  • Pawlowski, S. & Krämer, C. 2008. In den Habitaten des Bindenwarans, Varanus salvator salvator (LAURENTI 1768) auf Sri Lanka. Elaphe 16 (4): 53-57
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1872. Über einige von Hrn. Dr. A. B. Meyer bei Gorontalo und Auf den Togian-Inseln gesammelte Amphibien. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1872 (Juli): 581-585 - get paper here
  • Pianka, E. R. and D. R. King, eds. 2004. Varanoid Lizards of the World. Indiana University Press, 599 pp - get paper here
  • QUAH, EVAN S.H.; SHAHRULANUAR, M.S., GRISMER, L.L., MOHD ABDUL MUIN, M.A.; CHAN, K.O. and GRISMER, J 2011. Preliminary Checklist of the Herpetofauna of Jerejak Island, Penang, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 63(3): 595-600
  • Reyes, M.A.P. 2008. The Monitor Lizards of Camiguin Island, Northern Philippines. Biawak 2 (1): 28-36
  • Romer, J.D. 1963. Occurrence of the Common Water Monitor, Varanus salvator (Laurenti), in Hong Kong. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society (8): 12
  • Sang, Nguyen Van; Ho Thu Cuc, Nguyen, Quang Truong 2009. Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 768 pp.
  • Smith,M.A. 1935. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptiles and Amphibia, Vol. II. Sauria. Taylor and Francis, London, 440 pp.
  • Stanner, Michael. 2012. Varanus salvator swallowing a catfish — another facet of the life-dinner principle? Hamadryad 36 (1): 38-41
  • Taylor, E.H. 1963. The lizards of Thailand. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 44: 687-1077. - get paper here
  • Taylor,E.H. 1953. A review of the lizards of Ceylon. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 35 (12): 1525-1585 - get paper here
  • Teo, R.C.H. & Rajathurai, S. 1997. Mammals, reptiles and amphibians in the Nature Reserves of Singapore - diversity, abundance and distribution. Proc. Nature Reserves Survey Seminar. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 49: 353-425
  • Venugopal, P.D. 2010. An updated and annotated list of Indian lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) based on a review of distribution records and checklists of Indian reptiles. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2 (3): 725-738.
  • Wanger, T. C., I. Motzke, S. Saleh & D. T. Iskandar 2011. The amphibians and reptiles of the Lore Lindu National Park area, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Salamandra 47 (1): 17-29 - get paper here
  • Weijola, V.S.A. 2010. Geographical Distribution and Habitat Use of Monitor Lizards of the North Moluccas. Biawak 4 (1): 7-23
  • Whitaker, Rom 1981. Bangladesh - Monitors and turtles Hamadryad 6 (3): 7-9
  • Wickramasinghe, L.J. MENDIS; L.D.C. BHATHIYA KEKULANDALA, P.I. KUMARA PEABOTUWAGE and D.M.S. SURANJA 2010. A Remarkable Feeding Behavior and a New Distribution Record of Varanus salvator salvator (Laurenti, 1768) in Eastern Sri Lanka. Biawak 4 (3): 93-98
  • Wood, Perry L.; Hinrich Kaiser; Stephany<br />Looper; Timothy M. Youmans; Jesse L.<br />Grismer and 2004. A first report on the herpetofauna of Pulau Besar, Johor, West Malaysia. Hamadryad 28 (1&2): 106-109
  • Zhao,E. & Adler,K. 1993. Herpetology of China. SSAR, Oxford/Ohio, 1-522
  • Ziegler, T. 2002. Die Amphibien und Reptilien eines Tieflandfeuchtwald-Schutzgebietes in Vietnam. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 342 pp. - get paper here
  • Ziegler, Thomas & Böhme, Wolfgang 1996. Zur Hemiclitoris der squamaten Reptilien: Auswirkungen auf einige Methoden der Geschlechtsunterscheidung Herpetofauna 18 (101): 11-19 - get paper here
  • Ziegler, Thomas; Böhme, Wolfgang 1997. Genitalstrukturen und Paarungsbiologie bei squamaten Reptilien, speziell den Platynota, mit Bemerkungen zur Systematik Mertensiella 8: 1-207
  • Ziesmann, S.; Klaas, P.& Janzen, P. 2007. Von Skinken und anderen Echsen [Sri Lankas]. Draco 7 (30): 18-23 - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:


Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator