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Varanus timorensis (GRAY, 1831)

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Higher TaxaVaranidae, Platynota, Varanoidea, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Spotted Tree Monitor 
SynonymMonitor timorensis GRAY 1831: 26
Tup[inambis] viridomaculatus GRAY 1831: 26 (nomen nudum)
Varanus timoriensis — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1836: 473 (emend. pro V. timorensis)
Monitor timoriensis — SCHLEGEL 1839: 74
Varanus timerensis — MARTENS 1876 (in error)
Varanus timorensis — BOULENGER 1885: 323
Varanus timorensis — DE ROOIJ 1915: 152
Varanus timorensis timorensis — MERTENS 1937
Varanus timorensis timorensis — BRANCH 1982
Varanus timorensis timorensis — DE LISLE 1996: 139
Varanus timorensis — AST 2001
Varanus timorensis — BÖHME 2003
Varanus timorensis — DE LISLE 2009
Varanus (Odatria) timorensis — KOCH et al. 2013
Varanus (Odatria) timorensis — BUCKLITSCH et al. 2016: 50 
DistributionTimor (Indonesia), S New Guinea, Timor-Leste

Type locality: Timor, Indonesia  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesSyntypes: MNHN-RA 8278 and MNHN-RA 2007.2391 (formerly MNHN-RA 8278A) (fide SPRACKLAND 1999), not found fide COGGER 1983
Holotype: AM R10207, from Groote Eylandt, N. T. [similis] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1311 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy partly after COGGER 1983. Varanus timorensis similis is now considered as a subspecies of V. scalaris (fide COGGER 2000). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Ast, Jennifer C. 2001. Mitochondrial DNA Evidence and Evolution in Varanoidea (Squamata). Cladistics 17 (3): 211-226 [erratum in 18 (1):125] - get paper here
  • Ávalos, J. de & Martínez Carrión, P. 1997. Warane. Reptilia (Münster) 2 (5): 16-21 - get paper here
  • Behrmann, H.-J. 1981. Haltung und Nachzucht von Varanus t. timorensis (Reptilia: Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 17 (3-4): 198-201 - get paper here
  • Bennet, D.F. 2003. Australian Monitors. Reptilia (GB) (30): 12-19 - get paper here
  • Bennet, D.F. 2003. Australische Warane. Reptilia (Münster) 8 (43): 18-25 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Branch, W. R. 1982. Hemipeneal Morphology of Platynotan Lizards. Journal of Herpetology 16 (1): 16-38 - get paper here
  • Brygoo, E. R. 1987. Les types de Varanides (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Catalogue critique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 4e ser., 9, sect. A (Zool., BioI. & Ecol. anim.), (2), supplement, 21-38.
  • BUCKLITSCH, YANNICK; WOLFGANG BÖHME, ANDRÉ KOCH 2016. Scale Morphology and Micro-Structure of Monitor Lizards (Squamata: Varanidae: Varanus spp.) and their Allies: Implications for Systematics, Ecology, and Conservation. . Zootaxa 4153 (1): 001–192 - get paper here
  • Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp.
  • Conroy, S. 1999. Lizard Assemblage Response to a Forest Ecotone in Northeastern Australia: A Synecological Approach Journal of Herpetology 33 (3): 409-419. - get paper here
  • de Rooij, N. de 1915. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. Leiden (E. J. Brill), xiv + 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A.M. C. and G. Bibron. 1836. Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 3. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 528 pp. - get paper here
  • Earley, Ryan L.; Omar Attum, Perri Eason 2002. Varanid combat: perspectives from game theory. Amphibia-Reptilia 23 (4): 469-485 - get paper here
  • Eidenmüller, B. 1986. Beobachtungen bei der Pflege und Nachzucht von Varanus (Odatria) t. timorensis (GRAY 1831). Salamandra 22 (2-3): 157-161 - get paper here
  • Ferreira, J. Bethencourt 1898. Reptis de Timor no Museu de Lisboa. Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. (2) 5 (19): 151-156
  • Gray, J. E. 1831. A synopsis of the species of Class Reptilia. In: Griffith, E & E. Pidgeon: The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named, and of many before noticed [V Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London: 481 + 110 pp. [1830] - get paper here
  • Iannucci, Alessio; Marie Altmanová, Claudio Ciofi, Malcolm Ferguson-Smith, Massimo Milan, Jorge Claudio Pereira, James Pether, Ivan Rehák, Michail Rovatsos, Roscoe Stanyon, Petr Velenský, Petr Ráb, Lukáš Kratochvíl & Martina Johnson Pokorná 2019. Conserved sex chromosomes and karyotype evolution in monitor lizards (Varanidae). Heredity 123, 215–227 - get paper here
  • Koch A, Ziegler T, Böhme W, Arida E, Auliya M. 2013. Pressing Problems: Distribution, Threats, and Conservation Status of the Monitor Lizards (Varanidae: Varanus spp.) of Southeast Asia and the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Herp. Cons. Biol. 8 (Monograph 3): 1 − 62. - get paper here
  • Lisle, H.F. de 1996. Natural History of Monitor Lizards. Krieger, Malabar (Florida)
  • Martens, E. von 1876. Die Preussische Expedition nach Ostasien. Zoologischer Teil. Berlin: Decker Vol. 1: 412 pp. - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1942. Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae), 3. Teil: Taxonomie. Abh. Senckenb. naturf. Ges., 466: 235-391
  • Mertens, R. 1958. Bemerkungen über die Warane Australiens. Senckenbergiana biologica 39: 229-264
  • O’SHEA, Mark; Caitlin SANCHEZ, Andrew KATHRINER, Sven MECKE, Venancio LOPES CARVALHO, Agivedo VARELA RIBEIRO, Zito AFRANIO SOARES, Luis LEMOS DE ARAUJO and Hinrich KAISER 2015. Herpetological Diversity of Timor-Leste: Updates and a Review of Species Distributions. Asian Herpetological Research 6 (2): 73–131 - get paper here
  • O’SHEA, Mark; Caitlin SANCHEZ, Scott HEACOX, Andrew KATHRINER, Venancio LOPES CARVALHO, Agivedo VARELA RIBEIRO, Zito AFRANIO SOARES, Luis LEMOS DE ARAUJO and Hinrich KAISER 2012. First Update to Herpetofaunal Records from Timor-Leste. Asian Herpetological Research 3 (2): 114–126 - get paper here
  • Pianka, E. R. and D. R. King, eds. 2004. Varanoid Lizards of the World. Indiana University Press, 599 pp - get paper here
  • Rese, R. 1983. Der Timorwaran Varanus timorensis - Haltung und Zucht. Sauria 5 (4): 13-15 - get paper here
  • Ruegg, R. 1974. Nachzucht beim Timor- Baumwaran, Varanus timorensis similis Mertens, 1958. Aquarium mit Aquaterra 8: 360-363
  • Schlegel, H. 1839. Abbildungen neuer oder unvollständig bekannter Amphibien, nach der Natur oder dem Leben entworfen und mit einem erläuternden Texte begleitet. Arne and Co., Düsseldorf, xiv + 141 pp. - get paper here
  • Schmutz, E. & H.-G. Horn 1986. Der Lebensraum von Varanus (Odatria) t. timorensis (GRAY, 1831) (Sauria: Varanidae). Salamandra 22 (2-3): 147-156 - get paper here
  • Sprackland, R. G. 1999. New species of monitor (Squamata: Varanidae) from Indonesia. Reptile Hobbyist, 4 (6): 20-27 - get paper here
  • Storr G M 1980. The monitor lizards (genus Varanus Merrem, 1820) of Western Australia. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 8 (2): 237-293 - get paper here
 
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