Vermicella annulata (GRAY, 1841)

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Eastern Bandy-bandy, Bandy Bandy G: Bandy-Bandy
Synonym	Calamaria annulata GRAY 1841: 443 Elaps occipitalis DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 1220 Vermicella lunulata KREFFT 1869: 79 Furina occipitalis BOULENGER 1896 Rhynchelaps latizonatus DE VIS 1905: 49 Vermicella annulata — WORRELL 1961: 27 Vermicella annulata — SIMPSON 1973 Vermicella annulata — COGGER 1983: 239 Vermicella annulata — COGGER 2000: 696 Vermicella annulata — MATTISON 2007: 262 Vermicella annulata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 785 Vermicella annulata — EIPPER & EIPPER 2024: 224
Distribution	Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria) Type locality: Australia
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Syntype: BMNH 1946.1.19.21, Swan River [in error], collector unknown, identified as holotype by Cogger et al. (1983). Description also based on an illustration by White (1790). Holotype: MNHP 3936, from Rio de Janeiro (errore) and Australia [Elaps occipitalis]. Holotype: AM 6684, from upper Burdekin River district, Qld. [Vermicella lunulata]. Holotype: QM J192, from Qld., Herberton, vide Covacevich (1971) [Rhynchelaps latizonatus].
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2648 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Synonymy after COGGER 1983. Venomous! Type species: Calamaria annulata GRAY 1841: 443 is the type species of the genus Vermicella GRAY in GÜNTHER 1858. Behavior: Vermicella are generally burrowing, nocturnal hunters. Diet: blind snakes of the genus Anilios Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species.
References	Bustard, H.R. 1969. Defensive Display Behavior in the Bandy-Bandy, Vermicella annulata (Serpentes: Elapidae) Herpetologica 25 (4): 319-320. - get paper here Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp. Couper P J; Covacevich J. A. 1996. A Bandy Bandy with a difference. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39 (2): 242 - get paper here Covacevich, J. 1971. Amphibian and reptile type specimens in the Queensland Museum. [type catalogue] Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 16: 49-68 - get paper here de Vis, Charles Walter de 1905. A new genus of lizard. On Typhlops torresianus. Ann. Queensland Museum (Brisbane) 6: 48 - get paper here de Vis, Charles Walter de 1905. A new genus of lizard. Ann. Queensland Museum (Brisbane) 6: 46-52 DEREZ, CHANTELLE M.; KEVIN ARBUCKLE, ZHIQIANG RUAN, BING XIE, YU HUANG, LAUREN DIBBEN, QIONG SHI, FREEK J. VONK, BRYAN G. FRY 2018. A new species of bandy-bandy (Vermicella: Serpentes: Elapidae) from the Weipa region, Cape York, Australia. Zootaxa 4446 (1): 001–012 [erratum in Zootaxa 4461(4): 600] - get paper here Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here Eipper T & Eipper S 2024. SNAKES OF AUSTRALIA. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, 368 pp. - get paper here Gower, D.; Garrett, K. & Stafford, P. 2012. Snakes. Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY,<br />144 p.. Gray, J.E. 1841. A catalogue of the species of reptiles and Amphibia hitherto described as inhabiting Australia, with a description of some new species from Western Australia. Appendix E, pp. 422-449. In: G. Grey, Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery in Northwestern and Western Australia, during the years 1837, 38, and 39, under the authority of Her Majesty's Government. T. and W. Boone, London. Vol. 2: 422-449 + plates - get paper here Greenlees, M.J., J.K. Webb & R. Shine 2005. Led by the blind: Bandy-Bandy Snakes Vermicella annulata (Elapidae) follow Blindsnake chemical trails Copeia 2005 (1): 184-187. - get paper here Hutchinson M N 1990. The generic classification of the Australian terrestrial elapid snakes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (3): 397-405 - get paper here Jolly, C., Schembri, B., & Macdonald, S. 2023. Field Guide to the Reptiles of the Northern Territory. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne - get paper here Kay, G.M.; D. Michael; M. Crane; S. Okada; C. MacGregor; D. Florance; D. Trengove; L. McBurney; D. Blair; D.B. Lindenmayer. 2013. A list of reptiles and amphibians from Box Gum Grassy Woodlands in south-eastern Australia. Check List 9 (3):476-481 - get paper here Keogh, J.S.; Smith, S.A. 1996. Taxonomy and natural history of the Australian bandy-bandy snakes (Elapidae: Vermicella) with a description of two new species. Journal of Zoology 240: 677-701 - get paper here Krefft, G. 1869. The Snakes of Australia; an Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of All the Known Species. Sydney, Govt. Printer xxv + 100 pp. - get paper here Longman, H. A. 1916. Snakes and lizards from Queensland and the Northern Territory. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 5: 46-51 - get paper here Mattison, Chris 2007. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press McDowell, Samuel B. 1969. Toxicocalamus, a New Guinea genus of snakes of the family Elapidae. Journal of Zoology, London 159: 443-511 - get paper here McDowell, Samuel B. 1970. On the status and relationships of the Solomon Island elapid snakes. Journal of Zoology, London 161: 145-190 - get paper here O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here Shine, R. 1980. Reproduction, Feeding and Growth in the Australian Burrowing Snake Vermicella annulata Journal of Herpetology 14 (1): 71-77. - get paper here Simpson, KNG 1973. AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES AND MAMMALS OF THE MURRAY RIVER region between Mildura and Renmark, Australia. Mem. Nat. Mus. Vict. 34: 275-279 - get paper here Swan, G.; Sadlier, R.; Shea, G. 2017. A field guide to reptiles of New South Wales. Reed New Holland, 328 pp. Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp. Worrell, E. 1961. Herpetological Name Changes. Western Australian Naturalist 8: 18—27. - get paper here Wright, L. J., Nimmo, D. G., Green, M. C., Simpson, R. E., Wassens, S., & Michael, D. R. 2025. Remnant Habitat Patches Have Lower Reptile Richness and Diversity Compared to Areas of Continuous Habitat. Austral Ecology, 50(3), e70045 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/elapids/elapids.htm http://www.amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/pdf/elapidae.pdf http://www.jcu.edu.au/dept/Zoology/herp/trept/elap.html http://www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au/features/snakes/snakedetail.asp?TaxName… http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Vermicella/annulata Google images

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