Vermicella annulata (GRAY, 1841)

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Higher Taxa	Elapidae (Hydrophiinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies
Common Names	E: Eastern Bandy-bandy, Bandy Bandy G: Bandy-Bandy
Synonym	Calamaria annulata GRAY 1841: 443 Elaps occipitalis DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 1220 Vermicella lunulata KREFFT 1869: 79 Furina occipitalis BOULENGER 1896 Rhynchelaps latizonatus DE VIS 1905: 49 Vermicella annulata — WORRELL 1961: 27 Vermicella annulata — SIMPSON 1973 Vermicella annulata — COGGER 1983: 239 Vermicella annulata — COGGER 2000: 696 Vermicella annulata — MATTISON 2007: 262 Vermicella annulata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 785
Distribution	Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria) Type locality: Australia
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Syntype: BMNH 1946.1.19.21, Swan River [in error], collector unknown, identified as holotype by Cogger et al. (1983). Description also based on an illustration by White (1790). Holotype: MNHP 3936, from Rio de Janeiro (errore) and Australia [Elaps occipitalis]. Holotype: AM 6684, from upper Burdekin River district, Qld. [Vermicella lunulata]. Holotype: QM J192, from Qld., Herberton, vide Covacevich (1971) [Rhynchelaps latizonatus].
Diagnosis	Additional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2648 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details.
Comment	Synonymy after COGGER 1983. Venomous! Type species: Calamaria annulata GRAY 1841: 443 is the type species of the genus Vermicella GRAY in GÜNTHER 1858. Behavior: Vermicella are generally burrowing, nocturnal hunters. Diet: blind snakes of the genus Anilios
Etymology	Named after the diminutive form (“annul-”) of Latin “anus” = ring.
References	Bustard, H.R. 1969. Defensive Display Behavior in the Bandy-Bandy, Vermicella annulata (Serpentes: Elapidae) Herpetologica 25 (4): 319-320. - get paper here Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp. Couper P J; Covacevich J. A. 1996. A Bandy Bandy with a difference. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 39 (2): 242 - get paper here Covacevich, J. 1971. Amphibian and reptile type specimens in the Queensland Museum. [type catalogue] Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 16: 49-68 - get paper here de Vis, Charles Walter de 1905. A new genus of lizard. Ann. Queensland Museum (Brisbane) 6: 46-52 de Vis, Charles Walter de 1905. A new genus of lizard. On Typhlops torresianus. Ann. Queensland Museum (Brisbane) 6: 48 - get paper here DEREZ, CHANTELLE M.; KEVIN ARBUCKLE, ZHIQIANG RUAN, BING XIE, YU HUANG, LAUREN DIBBEN, QIONG SHI, FREEK J. VONK, BRYAN G. FRY 2018. A new species of bandy-bandy (Vermicella: Serpentes: Elapidae) from the Weipa region, Cape York, Australia. Zootaxa 4446 (1): 001–012 [erratum in Zootaxa 4461(4): 600] - get paper here Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here Gower, D.; Garrett, K. & Stafford, P. 2012. Snakes. Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY,<br>144 p.. Gray, J.E. 1841. A catalogue of the species of reptiles and Amphibia hitherto described as inhabiting Australia, with a description of some new species from Western Australia. Appendix E, pp. 422-449. In: G. Grey, Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery in Northwest T. and W. Boone, London. Vol. 2: 422-449 + plates - get paper here Greenlees, M.J., J.K. Webb & R. Shine 2005. Led by the blind: Bandy-Bandy Snakes Vermicella annulata (Elapidae) follow Blindsnake chemical trails Copeia 2005 (1): 184-187. - get paper here Hutchinson M N 1990. The generic classification of the Australian terrestrial elapid snakes. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (3): 397-405 - get paper here Kay, G.M.; D. Michael; M. Crane; S. Okada; C. MacGregor; D. Florance; D. Trengove; L. McBurney; D. Blair; D.B. Lindenmayer. 2013. A list of reptiles and amphibians from Box Gum Grassy Woodlands in south-eastern Australia. Check List 9 (3):476-481 - get paper here Keogh, J.S.; Smith, S.A. 1996. Taxonomy and natural history of the Australian bandy-bandy snakes (Elapidae: Vermicella) with a description of two new species. Journal of Zoology 240: 677-701 - get paper here Krefft, G. 1869. The Snakes of Australia; an Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of All the Known Species. Sydney, Govt. Printer xxv + 100 pp. - get paper here Longman, H. A. 1916. Snakes and lizards from Queensland and the Northern Territory. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 5: 46-51 - get paper here Mattison, Chris 2007. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press McDowell, Samuel B. 1969. Toxicocalamus, a New Guinea genus of snakes of the family Elapidae. Journal of Zoology, London 159: 443-511 - get paper here McDowell, Samuel B. 1970. On the status and relationships of the Solomon Island elapid snakes. Journal of Zoology, London 161: 145-190 - get paper here O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here Shine, R. 1980. Reproduction, Feeding and Growth in the Australian Burrowing Snake Vermicella annulata Journal of Herpetology 14 (1): 71-77. - get paper here Simpson, KNG 1973. AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES AND MAMMALS OF THE MURRAY RIVER region between Mildura and Renmark, Australia. Mem. Nat. Mus. Vict. 34: 275-279 - get paper here Swan, G.; Sadlier, R.; Shea, G. 2017. A field guide to reptiles of New South Wales. Reed New Holland, 328 pp. Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp. Worrell, E. 1961. Herpetological Name Changes. Western Australian Naturalist 8: 18—27. - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.kingsnake.com/oz/snakes/elapids/elapids.htm http://www.amonline.net.au/herpetology/research/pdf/elapidae.pdf http://www.jcu.edu.au/dept/Zoology/herp/trept/elap.html http://www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au/features/snakes/snakedetail.asp?TaxName… http://www.arod.com.au/arod/reptilia/Squamata/Elapidae/Vermicella/annulata Google images

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